Foreign Judgments Recognition and Enforcement in Civil and Commercial Matters in Japan

The purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed overview of the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments (hereinafter referred to as“REFJ”) system in Japan. It shows that Japanese courts, under the guidance of the Supreme Court, have been generous in recognizing and enforcing foreign judgments. The recognition requirements have been interpreted in a reasonable way which strikes a good balance between conflicting interests. Therefore, it can be safely said that unless there are good reasons justifying non-recognition, foreign judgments are very likely to be recognized and enforced in Japan. One of the characteristic features of the Japanese system of REFJ is that it has remained (almost) substantially unaltered despite the occasional reforms and amendments that it has undergone during its history. This longevity of the statutory principles can be explained by the adequacy of the current regime. It can also be explained by the important role played by the courts which developed an extensive body of jurisprudential solutions giving flesh to the bare-boned legislative solutions.Article

La validité formelle des mariages traditionnels musulmans conclus à l’étranger en droit international privé tunisien à la lumière du droit comparé

The formal validity of Islamic marriages concluded solo consensus abroad poses a problem in Tunisia. According to certain Tunisian scholars, such marriage cannot be considered valid in Tunisia. However, analyses from a private international law perspective reveal that the attitude of total refusal to give effect to such marriages is not always well founded. Indeed, according to the law and the case law of Tunisian courts, it suffices that the marriage is celebrated in conformity with the form admitted in the country of celebration (lex loci celebrationis) in order to consider it valid as to its form. The same rule should be applied even when it comes to traditional Islamic marriages when they are celebrated in a country that admits this form of celebration.La validité formelle des mariages solo consensu du droit musulman classique célébrés à l’étranger pose problème en Tunisie. En effet, une partie de la doctrine tunisienne est clairement hostile à l’idée de la réception de tels mariages dans l’ordre juridique tunisien. Cependant, une analyse du point de vue du droit international privé montre qu’une telle attitude n’est pas toujours fondée : selon la loi et la jurisprudence des tribunaux tunisiens, pour qu’un mariage célébré à l’étranger soit considéré comme valable quant à sa forme, il suffit qu’il ait été célébré en la forme admise dans le pays de sa célébration (lex loci celebrationis). La même règle doit être appliquée même lorsqu’il s’agit d’un mariage célébré selon la forme traditionnelle du droit musulman dans un pays qui admet une telle célébration.Elbalti Béligh. La validité formelle des mariages traditionnels musulmans conclus à l’étranger en droit international privé tunisien à la lumière du droit comparé. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 68 N°3,2016. pp. 809-826