Overlaying 5G radio access networks on wavelength division multiplexed optical access networks with carrier distribution

As 5G communication matures, the requirement for advanced radio access networks (RAN) drives the evolution of optical access networks to support these needs. Basic RAN functions, mobile front-haul to the backbone and interconnected front-end remote radio units, must support and enable data rate surges, low-latency applications, RF coordination, etc. Wavelength division multiplexed optical access networks (WDM-OANs) provide sufficient network capacity to support the addition of RAN services, especially in unused portions of WDM. We propose and demonstrate a method for RAN overlay in WDM-OANs that employ distributed carriers. In such systems, the carrier is modulated at the central office for direct-detected downstream digital data services; later the same carrier is remodulated for the uplink. We propose the use of silicon photonics to intercept the downstream and add 5G signals. We examine the distributed-carrier power budget issues in this overlay scenario. The carrier power must be harvested for direct detection of both digital and RoF services, and yet hold in reserve sufficient power for the uplink remodulation of all services. We concentrate on the silicon photonics subsystem at the remote node to add RoF signals. We demonstrate the overlay with a fabricated chip and study strategic allocations of carrier power at the optical network units housing the radio units to support the overlay. After the successful drop and reception of both conventional WDM-OAN and the newly overlaid RoF signals, we demonstrate sufficient carrier power margin for the upstream remodulation

WDM-compatible polarization-diverse OAM generator and multiplexer in silicon photonics

Spatial multiplexing using orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes is an efficient means of scaling up the capacity of fiber-optic communications systems; integrated multiplexers are crucial enablers of this approach. OAM modes are circularly polarized when propagating in a fiber, however, OAM generators previously demonstrated in silicon photonics use locally linearly polarized emitters. Coupling from multiplexers to fibers in those solutions results in extra loss and complexity. Moreover, many of those solutions are based on resonator structures with strong wavelength dependence, and are thus incompatible with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). We experimentally demonstrate on-chip generation and multiplexing of OAM modes using an array of circularly polarized 2D antennas with wide wavelength coverage. The proposed device was implemented on the standard 220-nm silicon-on-insulator platform. Optical vortex beams with OAM orders ranging from -3 to +3 in both left and right circular polarization states were generated from the same aperture across a wavelength range of 1540 nm to 1557 nm. This device could serve as a multiplexer or demultiplexer for up to 12 information bearing channels coupling into a

Chip-scale Full-Stokes Spectropolarimeter in Silicon Photonic Circuits

Wavelength-dependent polarization state of light carries crucial information about light-matter interactions. However, its measurement is limited to bulky, energy-consuming devices, which prohibits many modern, portable applications. Here, we propose and demonstrate a chip-scale spectropolarimeter implemented using a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics technology. Four compact Vernier microresonator spectrometers are monolithically integrated with a broadband polarimeter consisting of a 2D nanophotonic antenna and a polarimetric circuit to achieve full-Stokes spectropolarimetric analysis. The proposed device offers a solid-state spectropolarimetry solution with a small footprint of 1*0.6 mm2 and low power consumption of 360 mW}. Full-Stokes spectral detection across a broad spectral range of 50 nm with a resolution of 1~nm is demonstrated in characterizing a material possessing structural chirality. The proposed device may enable a broader application of spectropolarimetry in the fields ranging from biomedical diagnostics and chemical analysis to observational astronomy.Comment: 14 pages, 12 figures, uses jabbrv.st

Wavelength-tunable and polarization-insensitive integrated filters and multiplexers on the CMOS platform

L'augmentation du trafic de données met énormément de pression sur les systèmes de communications par fibre optique qui doivent répondre à la demande tout en maintenant les coûts d'opération et la consommation énergétique les plus faibles possibles. Pour palier à ce problème, une solution intéressante consiste à utiliser des interconnections optiques reconfigurables ne nécessitant peu ou pas de conversion électro-optique intermédiaire, notamment dans les centres de données. On parle ici de transparence dans les réseaux optiques. Pour concevoir ces dispositifs photoniques, la plateforme intégrée silicon-on-insulator (SOI) est très prometteuse. En effet, elle offre la possibilité de concevoir des composants intégrés qui sont compacts, polyvalents, évolutifs et sophistiqués, le tout en réduisant les coûts de production. Ce mémoire porte sur l'étude, sur la conception et sur la fabrication de filtres à micro-cavités en anneau d'ordre élevé sur SOI et à leur utilisation dans des systèmes de multiplexage en longueur d'onde reconfigurables, transparents et insensibles à la polarisation. L'objectif de ce travail est plus particulièrement d'adresser le défi complexe qui consiste à développer un système de ce type, possédant toutes les caractéristiques visées par les équipements qui sont déployés à grande échelle. La première partie de ce travail a comme objectif de présenter les systèmes de communications optiques et le problème qui est adressé dans son contexte. C'est aussi à ce moment que sera introduite en détails la plateforme SOI qui offre des outils pour répondre au problème. Ensuite, en seconde partie, il sera question des filtres à micro-cavité en anneau et des méthodes de design permettant de les modéliser afin de les intégrer dans des systèmes complexes. Ces filtres sont cependant très sensibles au processus de fabrication et il est donc nécessaire de présenter un méthodologie permettant de corriger leur réponse en post-fabrication, chose qui sera faite en troisième partie. Enfin, la dernière section de ce travail de recherche porte sur l'intégration des concepts développés dans les sections précédentes afin de bâtir un système complet de multiplexage en longueur d'onde reconfigurable, transparent et insensible en polarisation. Enfin, même s'il reste beaucoup de travail d'analyse et de conception devant nous, cette recherche montre de manière non-exhaustive les avantages et les limitations fondamentales que peuvent avoir les filtres à micro-résonateurs en anneau implémentés dans les réseaux transparents reconfigurables.Increase in data traffic puts a lot of pressure on optical communication systems which must provide for its users while maintaining operation costs and energy consumption as low as possible. A solution to overcome those problems consists in using reconfigurable optical inter-connects which do not require any electro-optical conversion, especially in data centers. This is known as optical network transparency. In order to build the optical components required to implement optical network transparency, the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform provides very promising solutions. It offers the possibility to design highly-scalable integrated devices with a small footprint and low fabrication costs. This memoir aims to study the design and fabrication of high-order microring resonator filters on the SOI platform and their usage in reconfigurable, transparent and polarization insensitive wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical communications systems. The main goal of this work is to address the complex challenges of designing such components for widespread usage, having all the specifications that are required for their implementation. In the first part of this work, optical communications systems and the problem that will be addressed will be discussed in its context. At this point, the silicon-on-insulator platform which offers helpful tools for responding to the issue will be introduced. Then, in the second part, high-order microring filters will be introduced as a solution and their principles and applications will be discussed. Those filters are unfortunately very sensitive to the fabrication process and it is thus necessary to discuss the methodology required in order to mitigate those effects at the post-fabrication level. This methodology will be discussed in the third part of this work. Then, in the final part of this memoir, all the concepts previously introduced will be consolidated in order to build a complete reconfigurable and transparent WDM system that is insensitive to polarization. There is still a lot of work ahead of us and even though this research is not exhaustive, it shows the advantages as well as fundamental limitations of high-order microring filters when implemented in transparent and reconfigurable optical networks