Évolution de l'épidémie du VIH en présence d'interventions ciblant le milieu prostitutionnel au Bénin : analyses de tendance et des techniques de collectes de données comportementales

Cette étude à trois volets a été conduite au Bénin et porte sur 1) l’évaluation de la tendance des infections sexuellement transmissibles y compris l’infection à VIH (IST/VIH) et des comportements sexuels associés chez les travailleuses du sexe (TS) de 1993 à 2008 dans un contexte où se développaient des interventions préventives ciblant le milieu prostitutionnel (projet canadien de 1992 à 2006 suivi de l’appropriation des activités par la partie nationale), tout en examinant l’impact du changement dans le modèle d’intervention après le désengagement du projet canadien en 2006, 2) la comparaison des prévalences des IST/VIH et des comportements associés dans la population générale de Cotonou entre 1998 et 2008, 3) la comparaison de la technique d’entrevue individuelle face-à-face (FTFI) à la nouvelle technique d’entrevue de groupe par boîte de votation confidentielle (PBS). De 1993 à 2008, il y a eu une diminution significative dans les prévalences des IST/VIH chez les TS. Ces diminutions étaient très marquées à Cotonou pour le VIH (53,3% à 30,4%; p-ajusté=0,0001) et la gonorrhée (43,2% à 6,4% ; p-ajusté < 0,0001). Par contre, il y a eu une hausse significative dans la prévalence de la gonorrhée entre 2005 et 2008 (rapport de prévalences : RP=1,76 ; Intervalle de confiance à 95% : [1,17-2,65]) après le désengagement du projet canadien. À Cotonou où les interventions ciblées ont connu une intensification entre 2001 et 2006, la prévalence du VIH a diminué significativement de 83% entre 1998 et 2008 (3,0 à 0,5%; p-ajusté=0,002) chez les jeunes hommes de 15 à 29 ans de la population générale. Le PBS a permis d’éliciter une fréquence accrue des comportements sexuels à risque du VIH par rapport au FTFI, et réduirait donc le biais de désirabilité sociale. L’étude met en évidence que dans les pays où l’épidémie du VIH est encore concentrée au sein des TS comme c’est le cas au Bénin, le ciblage préventif du milieu prostitutionnel reste l’intervention la plus efficace pour contrôler l’épidémie. Dans ce contexte où l’exactitude dans la mesure des comportements sexuels est d’importance capitale pour la planification d’interventions efficaces ainsi que leur évaluation, la technique PBS devrait être intégrée aux enquêtes comportementales.This study carried out in Benin had three components associated with the following objectives: 1) to assess the time trends in the prevalence of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (HIV/STI) and associated sexual behaviors among female sex workers (FSW) from 1993 to 2008, while preventive interventions targeting the sex work milieu were ongoing (developed by the Canadian project from 1992 to 2006 before being taken over by the national authorities) and assess the impact of change in intervention model on trends after the disengagement of the project in 2006, 2) to assess the change in HIV/STI prevalence and associated behaviors in the general population of Cotonou between 1998 and 2008, 3) to compare the method of individual face-to-face interviews (FTFI) to that of polling booth surveys (PBS). From 1993 to 2008, there was a significant decrease in HIV/STI prevalence among FSW and this decrease was very strong in Cotonou for HIV (53.3% to 30.4%, adjusted-p=0.0001) and gonorrhea (43.2 % to 6.4%, adjusted-p < 0.0001). On the other hand, from 2005 to 2008, there was a significant increase in gonorrhea prevalence (prevalence ratio: PR=1.76, 95% confidence interval: [1.17-2.65]) after disengagement of the Canadian project in 2006. In Cotonou, where the targeted interventions were reinforced between 2001 and 2006, HIV prevalence significantly decreased by 83% between 1998 and 2008 (3.0 to 0.5 %, adjusted-p=0.002) among young men of the general population aged 15-29 years. More HIV-related risky sexual behaviors were reported through PBS than through FTFI, thus suggesting that the former reduces social desirability biases. The study shows that in countries where the HIV epidemic is still concentrated among FSW as in Benin, preventive interventions targeting the sex work milieu remain the most effective intervention for a reliable control of the epidemic. Within this context where accurate data on sexual behaviors are of central importance for the design of effective preventive interventions as well as the assessment of their impact, PBS should be integrated into behavioral surveys

Structural determinants of health : a qualitative study on female sex workers in Benin

The objective of this paper is to expose those socio-structural contexts revealing the social injustice and human rights violations that sub-Saharan women face every day when forced into sex work by unemployment or sickness. Results of a qualitative study highlighting some key structural determinants of sex work and HIV infection among FSWs will be presented and examined through the lens of the WHO conceptual framework for action on the social determinants of health. The results showed that most FSWs had lacked the necessary financial support at some point in their lives. Also, both the socioeconomic and political context failed to provide proper support to prevent involvement in sex work and the consequent risks of HIV. The cultural and societal values placed on the health and well-being of FSWs in Benin appear to depend on the degree to which sexual violence and adultery are perceived as a collective social concern. This portrait of FSWs calls for both long-term interventions through a structural determinant approach to HIV prevention, targeting all the women who could face such a financial situation well before their entry into sex work, while maintaining short and medium-term interventions on the intermediary determinants

Financement basé sur les résultats et performance en accouchement des formations sanitaires (FS) au nord Bénin en 2016

International audienc

A novel nested polymerase chain reaction targeting the testis-specific protein Y-encoded family of genes for high sensitivity of recent semen exposure detection: Comparison with four other assays of semen detection.

ObjectivesBecause self-report of sexual behaviours is prone to biases, biomarkers of recent semen exposure are increasingly used to assess unprotected sex. We aimed to present a novel nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting testis-specific protein Y-encoded (TSPY) genes and to compare its performance in detecting recent semen exposure with that of four other assays.MethodsForty-five vaginal samples were selected at baseline of a prospective observational demonstration study of early antiretroviral treatment and pre-exposure prophylaxis among female sex workers in Benin. Semen exposure was assessed with: a rapid prostate-specific antigen (PSA) detection assay, a quantitative PCR targeting the sex-determining region (SRY) gene, a standard PCR targeting SRY, a standard PCR targeting TSPY, and a nested PCR targeting TSPY (n-TSPY). Because we had hypothesized that n-TSPY would be the most sensitive of the five assays while remaining specific, and as our results suggested that it was the case, sensitivity and specificity were calculated for each assay in comparison with n-TSPY.ResultsThe n-TSPY could detect male DNA at concentration 16 and 64 times lower compared to s-TSPY and s-SRY, respectively. Among the 45 vaginal samples, prevalences of semen exposure according to the different assays varied from 22.2% (95%CI: 11.2%-37.1%) to 70.5% (95%CI: 54.8%-83.2%), with the highest prevalence measured with n-TSPY. The n-TSPY products were of expected size and we observed no false-positive in female DNA controls. The assay that offered the second best performance in detecting semen exposure was the PSA rapid test, with a sensitivity of 61.3% and a specificity of 100% compared to n-TSPY.ConclusionsCompared to n-TSPY, all other PCR assays had poor performance to detect semen exposure. The n-TSPY is an accessible assay that may have great utility in assessing semen exposure in studies where many factors are expected to accelerate biomarkers' clearance

Prévalence et facteurs associés au recours aux consultations postnatales chez les parturientes de la commune de Glazoué (Bénin) en 2020

International audienc

Prévalence et facteurs associés à la consommation des substances psychoactives chez les conducteurs de taxi-moto à Djougou en 2021

International audienc

Prévalence et facteurs associés au recours aux consultations postnatales chez les parturientes de la commune de Glazoué (Bénin) en 2020

International audienc

Acceptability of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Benin : a qualitative study

In Benin, consistent condom use among men who have sex with men (MSM) is relatively low and providing them with Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) could be of great relevance. We aimed to describe PrEP knowledge and intention to use it; identify key facilitators and barriers to PrEP; and describe the perceived impact of PrEP on unsafe sexual behavior. MSM, 18 years or older, HIV-negative or of unknown status, were enrolled in five cities of Benin. Intention to use PrEP was assessed through five focus groups (FG). Data were analyzed using manual thematic sorting. Thirty MSM (six per city) participated in the FG. Mean age (standard deviation) was 27.1 (5.0) years. All participants expressed the intention to use PrEP if made available. Facilitators of PrEP use were: availability of medication, safety, absence of constraints as well as freedom to have multiple sex partners and sex with HIV-positive friends. Barriers were: complex procedures for obtaining medication, size and taste of medication, cost of medication, poor PrEP awareness.. Eighteen men admitted that PrEP could lead to decrease in or even abandonment of condom use. In conclusion, MSM showed openness to use PrEP if available, although they recognized that it could lead to risk compensation