Finite-Volume Energy Spectrum, Fractionalized Strings, and Low-Energy Effective Field Theory for the Quantum Dimer Model on the Square Lattice

We present detailed analytic calculations of finite-volume energy spectra, mean field theory, as well as a systematic low-energy effective field theory for the square lattice quantum dimer model. The analytic considerations explain why a string connecting two external static charges in the confining columnar phase fractionalizes into eight distinct strands with electric flux $\frac{1}{4}$. An emergent approximate spontaneously broken $SO(2)$ symmetry gives rise to a pseudo-Goldstone boson. Remarkably, this soft phonon-like excitation, which is massless at the Rokhsar-Kivelson (RK) point, exists far beyond this point. The Goldstone physics is captured by a systematic low-energy effective field theory. We determine its low-energy parameters by matching the analytic effective field theory with exact diagonalization results and Monte Carlo data. This confirms that the model exists in the columnar (and not in a plaquette or mixed) phase all the way to the RK point.Comment: 35 pages, 16 figure

Methods to Increase the Monolithic Construction Efficiency of Multi-storey Residential Buildings

The construction volume of integral monolithic buildings is growing Faster than other technologies for housing construction. Identifying and using factors that hinder the monolithic construction development can increase the monolithic construction efficiency by identifying methods that lead to a reduction in construction time, increase the structures quality under construction, capital costs productivity. This ensures the safety of human activities in seismically resistant, integral monolithic buildings. Decrease in labor costs of construction equipment and construction production. The research identified technical and economic indicators used to assess the construction effectiveness of multi-storey buildings and structures from cast monolith. Measures have been developed to reduce working hours and labor costs, and improve construction quality and cost-effectiveness

Cotton Seed Preparation By Roasting

This article presents the principle of operation and the results of preparing cotton seeds for sowing by roasting in equipment with a gas flame burner

Obtaining Butyl Acetate by the Method of Hydrolysis

Butyl acetate (butyl ether of acetic acid) is the most common solvent in the production and use of paints and varnishes. Dissolves cellulose ethers, oils, fats, chlorinated rubbers, vinyl polymers, carbiol resins, etc. The addition of butyl acetate together with a small amount of butyl alcohol prevents whitening of the lacquer films. It is a fragrant substance that is part of fruit essences and perfume compositions. It is used in the tanning industry as a tannin. It is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for the separation of primary substances in the production of antibiotics, et