Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition and Mini Nutritional Assessment in Evaluation of Nutritional Status of COVID-19 Patients

Background: Considering that nutritional status is one of the influential factors in the process of recovery of patients with COVID-19, this study was conducted to determine the nutritional status of COVID-19 patients and its relationship with clinical outcomes.Methods: This cross-sectional study included 155 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 disease (18-80 years) using PCR test and chest CT scan. The nutritional status of participants was assessed employing Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) questionnaire, Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and Nutrition Risk in Critically(NUTRIC) score.Results: Among 81 men (52.3%) and 74 women (47.7%) based on MNA, 30 participants (19.4%) and based on GLIM criteria, 42 participants (27.1%) suffered from malnutrition. Also, systolic and diastolic blood pressure (GLIM: p=0.038, p=0.008, respectively; MNA: p=0.04, p=0.01, respectively) and blood oxygen saturation (MNA: p=0.01; GLIM: p=0.012)were significantly associated with nutritional status of participants. MNA and GLIM findings showed a relative agreement of 0.35 (p<0.0001).Conclusion: Nutritional status was demonstrated to be a critical factor that can affect the clinical condition and recovery process of COVID-19 patients. GLIM was shown to be practical and reliable criteria to measure the nutritional status for diagnosis and prognosis of patients with COVID-19

Effects of virtual interventions based on the theory of planned behavior to improve obesity-preventive lifestyle among girls, during COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Background Adolescence is a critical period for the spread of obesity and overweight. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of an educational intervention based on the theory of planned behavior on promoting obesity-related behaviors in overweight female students in Gachsaran. Methods this quasi-experimental study was conducted on 90 female students of the first secondary school in the form of two intervention and control groups. Information related to nutritional status and the structures of the theory of planned behavior were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability have been confirmed. The educational intervention was carried out during five virtual training sessions. The data obtained three months after the intervention were analyzed using SPSS statistical software, version 20, using independent t-tests, paired t-tests, and equivalent non-parametric tests. Results The present study showed that the scores of the constructs of awareness, perceived behavior control, subjective norms, intention, and nutritional behaviors were significantly improved after the intervention (p < 0.001). The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed that the two intervention and control groups did not have a significant difference in terms of the average overall physical activity score after the intervention (p = 0.078). Conclusion The results of the present study showed that training based on the theory of planned behavior in the conditions of COVID-19 disease and in a virtual form had an effect on nutritional behavior but could not increase physical activity behavior in adolescents with weight loss

The importance of nutritional status on clinical outcomes among both ICU and Non-ICU patients with COVID-19

Background and aims: The current Covid-19 outbreak becomes a tremendous public health concern worldwide. Since a little information is available on nutritional status and its devastating effects on covid-19 complications in Iran, in the present study, we aimed to evaluate nutritional status of covid-19 population and its related factors.Methods: We performed this observational study by recruiting 400 hospitalized covid-19 subjects. Thereafter, the needed clinical and para clinical data were collected and their nutritional status was then assessed using NRS-20 02. Results: Approximately 36% of the total sample size and 100% of the ICU- admitted cases were at the severe risk of malnutrition. The patients with NRS&gt; 5 were significantly older (p &lt; 0.0001). Nonsurvivals obtained higher scores in terms of both severity of disease (86%) and impaired nutritional status (67%), and this relationship was found to be statistically significant (p &lt; 0.0001). In regard to the obtained prognostic inflammatory scores, 86% of the non-survivals obtained significantly highest scores for GPS (P 1/4 0.015).Conclusion: Nutritional status has a considerable effect on clinical outcomes of covid-19 patients, which should be evaluated. Thereafter, rapid subsequent nutritional interventions must be implemented in this regard. As well, special attention must be paid to both elderly population and individuals with underlying diseases. (c) 2022 European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Adjuvant pomegranate juice intake improves the inflammatory status of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized and placebo-controlled trial

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pomegranate juice intake on the inflammatory status and complete blood count in hospitalized Covid-19 patients. Methods: This randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled trial included 48 patients with two parallel arms. In addition to the standard care provided at the hospital, the patients consumed 500 mL of whole pomegranate juice (PJ) daily or a placebo for 14 days. Inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)) and complete blood count were determined at baseline and after the 14 days of intervention. Results: At the end of the intervention, a significant decreased was observed in primary outcomes [mean difference (95 %CI)] including IL-6 [5.24(0.87–9.61)], CRP [23.19(11.93–34.44)] and ESR [10.52(1.54–19.50)] in the PJ group vs. before the intervention. In addition, significant changes were also observed in the some of the secondary outcomes, including neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, platelets-to-lymphocyte(PLR) and neutrophils-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratios (p < 0.05) in the PJ group compared to before the intervention. At the end of the intervention period, the mean change of IL-6 [− 7.09(−12.21 to − 1.96)], white blood cells [− 3.09(− 6.14 to − 0.05)], neutrophils [− 9.12(−18.08 to −0.15)], lymphocyte [7.05(0.17–13.92)], platelets [− 94.54(− 139.33 to − 49.75)], PLR [− 15.99(− 29.31 to − 2.67)], blood oxygen saturation [1.75(0.13–3.37)] and MCV [0.31(− 0.25 to 0.88)] levels were significantly different between groups while no difference was observed between the two groups in other blood indices. Conclusion: Our results suggest that pomegranate juice intake might slightly improve the inflammatory status and CBC outcomes of COVID-19 patients and it may be beneficial