PENGARUH INTENSITAS PENGGUNAAN ALAT PERAGA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPA SISWA SD SE-KECAMATAN ADIPALA TAHUN AJARAN 2017/ 2018

ABSTRAK : Pengaruh Intensitas Penggunaan Alat Peraga IPA Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA Siswa SD Sekecamatan Adipala Tahun Ajaran 2017/ 2018. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) membuktikan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pengaruh intensitas penggunaan alat peraga IPA terhadap hasil belajar IPA dan (2) mengetahui intensitas manakah yang memberikan pengaruh lebih baik terhadap hasil belajar IPA. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode expost facto. Analisis data yang digunakan yaitu anava satu jalur. Uji lanjut yang digunakan adalah uji Scheffe. Hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) terbukti adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pengaruh intensitas penggunaan alat peraga terhadap hasil belajar IPA dan (2) intensitas penggunaan alat peraga secara sering memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap hasil belajar IPA Siswa kelas V SD Se-Kecamatan Adipala tahun ajaran 2017/ 2018.Kata kunci: intensitas, alat peraga, hasil belajar IP

Population structure and local adaptation of MAC lung disease agent Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis

肺MAC症原因菌が進化する仕組みを解明. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2017-09-20Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is one of the most common nontuberculous mycobacterial species responsible for chronic lung disease in humans. Despite increasing worldwide incidence, little is known about the genetic mechanisms behind the population evolution of MAH. To elucidate the local adaptation mechanisms of MAH, we assessed genetic population structure, the mutual homologous recombination, and gene content for 36 global MAH isolates, including 12 Japanese isolates sequenced in the present study. We identified five major MAH lineages and found that extensive mutual homologous recombination occurs among them. Two lineages (MahEastAsia1 and MahEastAsia2) were predominant in the Japanese isolates. We identified alleles unique to these two East Asian lineages in the loci responsible for trehalose biosynthesis (treS and mak) and in one mammalian cell entry operon, which presumably originated from as yet undiscovered mycobacterial lineages. Several genes and alleles unique to East Asian strains were located in the fragments introduced via recombination between East Asian lineages, suggesting implication of recombination in local adaptation. These patterns of MAH genomes are consistent with the signature of distribution conjugative transfer, a mode of sexual reproduction reported for other mycobacterial species