Exposure to pistachio pesticides and stillbirth: a case-control study

OBJECTIVES: Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of pesticides and growing concerns about the possible health effects of agricultural pesticides, we investigated the effect of exposure to pistachio pesticides on stillbirth in pregnant mothers. METHODS: This case-control study was conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran from 2011 to 2012. A total of 125 females who had a recent stillbirth were included as the case group, and 250 controls were selected from females who had a recent live birth. For each case, two controls with the nearest propensity score to the case were selected. Data were collected using a protocol developed by the researcher that involved interviewing respondents and reviewing their medical records. Conditional multivariate and univariate logistic regression analysis were performed and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: The ORs of stillbirth in mothers living in pistachio gardens and those who were exposed to sprayed pesticides, in comparison to the controls, were 14.1 (95% CI, 3.3 to 63.4) and 5.0 (95% CI, 1.2 to 28.6), respectively. No significant differences were found in stillbirth rates according to the distance between the mother's residence and a pistachio garden or involvement in agricultural activities. CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study showed that exposure to pistachio pesticides during pregnancy may increase the likelihood of stillbirth in mothers

Exposure to pistachio pesticides and stillbirth: a case-control study

OBJECTIVES Stillbirth is an undesirable outcome of pregnancy. In light of the increasing use of pesticides and growing concerns about the possible health effects of agricultural pesticides, we investigated the effect of exposure to pistachio pesticides on stillbirth in pregnant mothers. METHODS This case-control study was conducted in Rafsanjan, Iran from 2011 to 2012. A total of 125 females who had a recent stillbirth were included as the case group, and 250 controls were selected from females who had a recent live birth. For each case, two controls with the nearest propensity score to the case were selected. Data were collected using a protocol developed by the researcher that involved interviewing respondents and reviewing their medical records. Conditional multivariate and univariate logistic regression analysis were performed and odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS The ORs of stillbirth in mothers living in pistachio gardens and those who were exposed to sprayed pesticides, in comparison to the controls, were 14.1 (95% CI, 3.3 to 63.4) and 5.0 (95% CI, 1.2 to 28.6), respectively. No significant differences were found in stillbirth rates according to the distance between the mother’s residence and a pistachio garden or involvement in agricultural activities. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study showed that exposure to pistachio pesticides during pregnancy may increase the likelihood of stillbirth in mothers

A Diagnostic and Symptomatological Study on Trichomoniasis in Symptomatic Pregnant Women in Rafsanjan, South Central Iran in 2012-13

Background: Trichomonas vaginalis, the causative agent of trichomoniasis, is responsible for more than half of all sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The present study aimed to deter­mine the frequency of T. vaginalis infection and its clinical manifestations in sympto­matic pregnant women in the area based on four different diagnostic methods. Methods: A total of 162 pregnant women with at least one sign or symptom of vaginosis, referred to two gynecologic and obstetrics clinics in Rafsanjan City, south central Iran, were randomly selected in 2012-13. Through speculum examination of patients by gynecologists, clinical diagnosis determined, vaginal discharge were collected by using two sterile cotton swabs from the posterior fornix and vagina pH was measured. Samples were examined by three diagnostic methods including wet mount, culture in TYI-S-33 medium and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: T. vaginalis was detected in 19.5%, 27.2%, 56.2% and 51.6% of subjects according to diagnostic methods of clinical diagnosis, wet mount, culture and PCR, respectively. There was statistically significant relationship between T. vaginalis infection and patients' age, gestational age, marriage age, residence, educational level, parity. The symptomatological pattern in the 91 women infected with T. vaginalis was as follows: leukorrhea, 96.7%; urine frequency, 65.9%; odorous secretion, 63.3%; urogenital itching and irritation, 53.8%; vagi­nal inflammation, 47.3%; dyspareunia, 39.6%; and dysuria, 16.5%. Conclusion: Our results indicated a high prevalence of T. vaginalis in symptomatic pregnant women, very low sensitivity and relative high specificity of clinical diagnosis and wet mount technique compared to culture and PCR, as well as that pregnancy increases the susceptibil­ity to the infection in a gestational age-dependent manner

Umbilical cord blood thyroid hormones are inversely related to telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number

Abstract Hypothyroidism has been linked to reduced mortality rate and increased lifespan and health span. Telomere shortening, enhanced oxidative stress, and reduced cellular mitochondrial content are important hallmarks of aging shown to be related to age-associated diseases. It was proposed that the status of these markers in early life can be predictive of lifespan and the predisposition to certain age-associated disease in adulthood. Animal studies indicated that prenatal injection of thyroid hormones affects postnatal telomere length. Here, we sought to determine whether thyroid hormones TSH and fT4 are related to the telomere length, mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn), and oxidative stress resistance marker GPX in the cord blood of newborns. In this study, we analyzed 70 mothers (18–42 years) and neonate dyads born in 2022 at the Nik Nafs maternity Hospital in Rafsanjan. The relative telomere length (RTL) and mtDNAcn were measured in the genomic DNA of cord blood leukocytes using real-time PCR. GPX enzyme activity was measured in the serum using colorimetric assays. In this study the correlation between these markers and the cord blood TSH and fT4 hormones were assessed using regression models. We found a reverse relationship between TSH levels and RTL in the cord blood of neonates. Additionally, our results displayed increased TSH levels associated with enhanced GPX activity. Regarding the mitochondrial DNA copy number, we found an indirect relationship between fT4 level and mtDNAcn only in male newborns. Future analyses of various oxidative stress markers, mitochondrial biogenesis status, telomerase activity, and the level of DNA damage are warranted to demonstrate the underlying mechanism of our observations