Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. tea intake on antioxidant response and biochemical profile in healthy Wistar rats: EFEITOS DO CONSUMO DO CHÁ DE HIBISCUS SABDARIFFA L. SOBRE A RESPOSTA ANTIOXIDANTE E PERFIL BIOQUÍMICO EM RATAS WISTAR SAUDÁVEIS

Introduction: Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. have therapeutic potential characteristics, rich in phytochemicals with anti-inflamatory, antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Objective: The study aims to evaluate daily consumption of hibiscus tea, in a concentration usually consumed by population, on biochemical parameters and antioxidant activity in healthy female adult Wistar rats. Methodology: The animals were divide in Control Group (CG), which received filtered water and commercial diet; and Hibiscus Group (HG), which received 15 mL/day of Hibiscus Sabdariffa L. flower tea (prepared 1g of flower/100mL of water), commercial diet and filtered water. The infusion of hibiscus flower for tea preparation was performed daily (ratio of 1.0g of dried flower to 100 mL of filtered boiled water), infused for 10 minutes, strained, and daily offered to animals (15 mL/day/animal) during 84 days. After 84 days of experimental protocol, animals were euthanized and evaluated serum biochemical parameters such urea, creatinine, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, total proteins, albumin, lipid profile and fasting glycemia. Analysis of antioxidant components was perfomed on hibiscus tea and serum antioxidant activity data were also analyzed by 2,2-difenil-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) and total antioxidant activity by iron reduction (FRAP) methods. Results: Hibiscus tea has a high antioxidant potential, and reduce fasting glucose (p < 0.05), but in concentration offered this antioxidant capacity was not observed at serum level, without changes on body mass, water intake, food consumption, lipid profile, liver and kidney biomarkers. Conclusion: Hibiscus tea daily consumption, showed higher antioxidant potential and reduce fasting blood glucose, without toxic effects.Introdução: Hibiscus sabdariffa L. possui características de potencial terapêutico, rico em fitoquímicos com ação anti-inflamatória, antibacteriana e antioxidante. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos do consumo diário de chá de hibisco, na concentração usualmente consumida pela população, sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e atividade antioxidante em ratas Wistar adultas saudáveis. Metodologia: os animais foram divididos em Grupo Controle (GC), recebeu água filtradae dieta comercial, e Grupo Hibisco (GH), que recebeu 15 ml/dia de chá da flor Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (preparado 1g da flor/100ml de água), dieta comercial e água filtrada. A infusão da flor de hibisco para preparo do chá foi realizada diariamente (relação de 1,0g de flor seca/100 ml de água fervida filtrada), infundida por 10 minutos, coada e oferecida diariamente aos animais durante 84 dias. Após 84 dias do protocolo experimental, os animais foram eutanasiados e avaliados parâmetros bioquímicos como uréia, creatinina, cálcio, magnésio, fósforo, ferro, proteínas totais, albumina,perfil lipídico e glicemia de jejum. A análise dos componentes antioxidantes foi realizada no chá de hibisco e a atividade antioxidante sérica foram analisados pelos métodos 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH), capacidade de absorção de radicais de oxigênio (ORAC) e atividade antioxidante total por redução de ferro (FRAP). Resultados: o chá de hibisco apresentou alto potencial antioxidante, reduziu a glicemia de jejum (p < 0,05), sem alterações na capacidade antioxidante sérica, na massa corporal, ingestão hídrica, consumo alimentar, perfil lipídico, e biomarcadores hepáticos e renais. Conclusão: o consumo diário do chá de hibisco, apresentou maior potencial antioxidante e redução da glicemia de jejum, sem efeitos tóxicos

Efeito do fornecimento de ração complementada com semente de linhaça sobre os macronutrientes e colesterol em tecidos de camarões da Malásia (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Effect of Supplying Food Complemented with Linseed on the Chemical Composition of Malaysian Shrimp (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a composição centesimal dos camarões alimentados com dieta complementada com semente de linhaça. Foram utilizados 800 camarões pós-larvas, divididos em 2 tratamentos: 1) grupo teste à base de caseína complementada com linhaça; e 2) grupo caseína. Os valores médios de umidade (79,8 &plusmn; 0,82; 78,9 &plusmn; 1,68), cinzas (0,62 &plusmn; 0,07; 0,68 &plusmn; 0,2), carboidratos (2,63 &plusmn; 0,13; 1,58 &plusmn; 0,7) e proteínas (15,6 &plusmn; 1,02; 16,0 &plusmn; 0,58) dos grupos controle e teste, respectivamente, não apresentaram diferença significativa ao final do experimento. Entretanto, a concentração de lipídio total sofreu uma redução significativa (p < 0,05) ao longo do estudo, em ambos os grupos, sendo mais pronunciada no grupo controle (74%), estando ao final do experimento o teor de lipídio mais elevado ( < 0,05) no grupo teste (1,87 &plusmn; 0,03) do que no grupo controle (1,12 &plusmn; 0,021). Contudo, o teor de colesterol no grupo teste (0,115 &plusmn; 0,004) apresentou-se inferior ao do grupo controle (0,1306 &plusmn; 0,001), embora sem diferença estatística significativa. Conclui-se que a semente de linhaça na ração parece aumentar o lipídio dos camarões, sugerindo que esse aumento não implica em elevação do colesterol. Havendo, ainda, a possibilidade de ser devido à maior incorporação dos ácidos graxos poliinsaturados.<br>The aim of this study was to analyze the chemical composition of shrimp fed with a diet complemented with linseed. 800 post larvae shrimp were divided into two types of treatment: 1) a test group based on casein complemented with linseed, and 2) a casein group. At the end of the experiment, the two treatments showed no significant differences in the mean values of humidity (79.8 &plusmn; 0.82; 78.9 &plusmn; 1.68), ashes (0.62 &plusmn; 0.07; 0.68 &plusmn; 0.2), carbohydrates (2.63 &plusmn; 0.13; 1.58 &plusmn; 0.7) and proteins (15.6 &plusmn; 1.02; 16.0 &plusmn; 0.58). However, the concentration of total lipids in both groups declined significantly during this study. This decline was more marked in the control group (74%). At the end of the experiment, the lipid content was higher (p < 0.05) in the test group (1.87 &plusmn; 0.03) than in the control group (1.12 &plusmn; 0.021). However, the cholesterol content in the test group (0.115 &plusmn; 0.004) was lower than in the control group (0.1306 &plusmn; 0.001), albeit without a statistically significant difference. It was concluded that the addition of linseed to the food seems to increase the shrimps' lipids, which suggests that this increase does not imply heightened cholesterol levels. It is also possible that the increase in lipids is due to the incorporation of a large proportion polyunsaturated fatty acids

EFEITO DO CONSUMO DA RAÇÃO HUMANA SOBRE O PERFIL LIPÍDICO E GLICEMIA DE RATOS

<p><span>&lt;doi&gt;10.12957/cadest.2012.15774</span></p><p><em>A Ração Humana é considerada um complemento alimentar e uma das novas tendências de dietas da moda. Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da "Ração Humana" sobre o perfil lipídico e glicemia de ratos. Foram utilizados 32 Rattus Wistar, com 45 dias de vida. Os resultados são apresentados como média aritmética e desvio padrão. Para comparação de médias foi utilizado ANOVA one-way, com Tukey como pós-teste. Foi aceito nível de significância de 5%. A glicemia manteve-se semelhante entre os grupos estudados (C: 87,9±10,4; C+RH: 90,8±7,2; H: 86,0±7,4; H+RH: 98,5±11,9). Não foi observada alteração no perfil lipídico ao longo do estudo, entre os grupos (colesterol C: 63,9 ± 13,9; C+RH: 40,4 ± 9,3; H: 55,4 ± 11,2; H+RH: 57,1 ± 7,1) (Triglicerídeos: C: 89,0 ± 32,4; C+RH: 84,6 ± 20,5; H: 57,3 ± 11,5; H+RH: 48,0 ± 5,8). Conclui-se que o consumo da ração humana não é capaz de promover diminuição na glicemia e na concentração de colesterol e triglicerídeo séricos.</em></p

Estado nutricional de nutrizes adolescentes em diferentes semanas pós-parto Nutritional status of lactanting adolescents in different postpartum weeks

OBJETIVO: avaliar as modificações do estado nutricional de nutrizes adolescentes em diferentes momentos no pós-parto. MÉTODO: estudo do tipo analítico observacional longitudinal, com acompanhamento de 50 nutrizes adolescentes da 5ª a 15ª semana pós-parto (SPP). O estado nutricional foi avaliado na 5ª, 10ª e 15ª SPP, com uso do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC/idade). Foi utilizado o método colorimétrico para avaliação da hemoglobina e microcentrifugação para o hematócrito. Usou-se ANOVA com medidas de repetição e Tukey como pós-teste, para comparação das médias. Trabalhou-se com nível de significância de 5%. RESULTADOS: observou-se modificação no estado nutricional do período pré-gestacional para a 15ª SPP, com diminuição na frequência de voluntárias com baixo peso (de 21% para 9%) e aumento nos casos de sobrepeso (de 21% para 27%) e eutrofia (58% para 64%). Apesar de, em média, as concentrações de hemoglobina (12,3±1,7g/dL) e hematócrito (39,0±4,0%) apresentarem-se adequados, observou-se grande frequência de anemia (30%) durante todo o período estudado. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados mostram incremento no peso corporal em função do tempo de lactação, aumentando o problema da obesidade na adolescência. Também foi apontado que a anemia é um problema nutricional, não apenas durante a gestação, mas também na lactação em adolescentes. Portanto, deve-se prevenir e tratar possíveis deficiências nutricionais subclínicas existentes neste momento biológico.PURPOSE: to evaluate changes in the nutritional status of lactating adolescents in different postpartum weeks. METHOD: this is an analytical, observational, longitudinal study. Lactating adolescents were followed-up from the 5th to the 15th postpartum week (PPW). The nutritional status was evaluated in the 5th, 10th and 15th PPW by the Body Mass Index (BMI/age). A colorimetric method was used to determine hemoglobin level and microcentrifugation to define hematocrit. ANOVA with repeated measures was used to compare means, followed by the Tukey post-test. The level of significance was 5%. RESULTS: modification in nutritional status was observed from the pregestational period to the 15th PPW, with a reduction in the frequency of lactating adolescents with low weight (from 21% to 9%) and a rise in the frequency of overweight (21% to 27%) and eutrophic (58% to 64%) adolescents. Although mean hemoglobin (12.3±1.7 g/dL) and hematocrit (39.0±4.0%) levels were normal, a high frequency of anemia (30%) was observed throughout the study period. CONCLUSION: the present results show that the body weight of lactating adolescents rises during the lactation period and could lead to a higher frequency of obesity among adolescents. Anemia is still a nutritional problem, not only during pregnancy, but also during the postpartum period. It is necessary to prevent and treat probable subclinical nutritional deficiencies at this biological time

Effect of the "protein diet" and bone tissue

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of the hyperproteic diet consumption on bone tissue. Methods: The study was conducted during sixty days. Twenty eight Wistar albinus rats, adults, originated from Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition were divided in four groups: (n = 7); Control 1 (C1), Control 2 (C2), Hyperproteic 1 (HP1) e Hyperproteic 2 (HP2). The C2 and HP2 groups were submitted to 30% of food restriction. The hyperproteic diet was based on the Atkins diet and prepared to simulate the protein diet. At the end of the study the animals were anesthetized to performer bone densitometry analyses by DEXA and blood and tissue collection. Serum and bone minerals analyses were conducted by colorimetric methods in automated equipment. Results: The total bone mineral density (BMD) of the pelvis and the spine of the food restriction groups (HP2 e C2) were lower (p < 0.05) than C1 e HP1 groups. While the femur BMD of the HP2 was lower (p < 0.05) related to others groups. It had been observed reduction (p < 0.05) in the medium point of the width of femur diaphysis and in bone calcium level in the hyperproteic groups (HP1 e HP2). It was observed similar effect on the osteocalcin level, that presented lower (p < 0.05) in the hyperproteic groups. The insulin level was lower only in HP2 and serum calcium of the HP1 and HP2 groups was lower than C1. Conclusion: The protein diet promotes significant bone change on femur and in the hormones levels related to bone synthesis and maintenance of this tissue

Murici (<i>Byrsonima crassifolia</i> (L.) <i>Kunth</i> and <i>verbascifolia</i> (L.)) and Tapereba (<i>Spondias mombin</i>) Improve Hepatic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in High-Fat-Diet Rats

The present study investigated the effects of murici and tapereba on improving hepatic and inflammatory biomarkers in high-fat-diet rats. Female Wistar rats were divided into five groups (n = 10/group): control (CON), high-fat diet (HF), murici drink + high-fat diet (Mu-HF), tapereba drink + high-fat diet (Tap-HF), and murici and tapereba blend drink + high-fat diet (MT-HF). Drinks were offered daily for 60 days, following which body and liver weights, hepatosomatic indexes, serum parameters, inflammatory profile, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ORAC) were analyzed. The cell death of hepatic cells was evaluated using flow cytometry. It was observed that weight gain was similar among the groups, while glycemia was lower in the MT-HF group. A high-fat diet increased the concentration of cholesterol total, ALT, IL-1β (in plasma and liver), and TNF-α (in the liver), and this was reduced by treatment with the fruit-based beverages. The other evaluated parameters showed no statistically significant difference. Compared to the CON and HF groups, the groups that received the drinks had higher cellular antioxidant activity and reduced oxidative stress, lipid oxidation, and development of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β. A high-fat diet induced higher cell death in hepatic tissue, which was prevented by the murici, tapereba, and the fruit-blend drinks. The consumption of murici, tapereba, and fruit-blend-based beverages showed beneficial effects on liver metabolism; therefore, they may serve as a nutritional approach for preventing and treating non-alcoholic liver disease

Utilização da multimistura durante a lactação e seus efeitos na produção e composição do leite materno de ratas Use of multimixture during lactation and its effects on production and composition of rat milk

A multimistura, composta por farelos, pós de folhas verdes, pós de sementes e pó da casca de ovo, vem sendo amplamente recomendada para aumentar a produção de leite materno, porém sem bases científicas que confirmem sua eficácia. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o desempenho lactacional de ratas alimentadas com dieta suplementada com 2% de multimistura (MM). Foram utilizados ratos fêmeas da linhagem Wistar lactantes com idade entre 90 e 100 dias de vida, divididos nos seguintes grupos (n=12): a) à base da dieta habitual do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (HERJ); b) dieta HERJ suplementada com 2% de multimistura (HERJ+MM); c) à base de caseína, com 12% de proteínas (CAS1); d) à base de caseína, com 20% de proteínas (CAS2). Foram determinados os macronutrientes proteína, lactose e lipídios e a produção de leite. O grupo HERJ+MM apresentou a menor produção de leite (p<0,05) e o menor conteúdo de lactose, quando comparado com os outros. Portanto, conclui-se que a performance lactacional das ratas cuja ração foi suplementada com 2% de multimistura apresentou-se diminuída.<br>The addition of multimixture, composed of bran, green leaves powder, seeds powder and eggshell powder, to the population's diet has been encouraged in Brazil, as a means to increase the production of breast milk, although without scientific bases that confirm its efficacy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the lactation performance of rats receiving ad libitum diet supplemented with 2% of multimixture (MM). Female Wistar-lactating rats of 90 to 100 days of age were divided into the following groups (n=12): a) fed the typical diet of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (HERJ); b) HERJ diet supplemented with 2% of multimixture (HERJ+MM); c) casein diet, with 12% of proteins (CAS1); d) casein diet, with 20% of proteins (CAS2). Lipid, lactose and protein concentrations and milk production were determined. The HERJ+MM group presented significantly lower milk production (p<0.05) and lower lactose content. In conclusion, there was a decrease in the lactation performance of rats which received diet supplemented with 2% of multimixture

Estado nutricional e consumo alimentar de mulheres jovens na fase lútea e folicular do ciclo menstrual Nutritional status and food consumption of young women in the luteal and follicular phases of the menstrual cycle

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o estado nutricional e a ingestão alimentar de mulheres adultas sadias durante o ciclo menstrual. MÉTODOS: Quarenta e cinco voluntárias foram acompanhadas durante três meses. A avaliação do estado nutricional foi baseada no índice de massa corporal, porcentagem de gordura e água corporal. Foram aplicados seis registros alimentares para análise da ingestão dos grupos de alimentos, usando como base o guia alimentar da pirâmide. Para a observação do sintoma "desejos alimentares", foram utilizados três "mapas de sintomas diários". RESULTADOS: Os valores médios de índice de massa corporal e de porcentagem de gordura corporal apresentaram-se normais em ambas as fases, entretanto foi observado maior percentual de mulheres com água corporal acima do padrão na fase lútea (77%). O consumo de alimentos do grupo complementar foi maior na fase lútea. Todos os outros grupos de alimentos, com exceção do grupo de carnes, apresentaram consumo inferior às recomendações, em ambas as fases. A intensidade do sintoma "desejos alimentares" foi leve durante o ciclo menstrual, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre as fases. O sintoma "desejos alimentares" associou-se positivamente com o aumento da ingestão do grupo complementar na fase lútea. CONCLUSÃO: O ciclo menstrual influencia o comportamento alimentar e leva à retenção hídrica, na fase lútea, em mulheres adultas sadias.<br>OBJECTIVE: This study assessed the nutritional status and food intake of healthy young women during the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Forty-five volunteers were followed for three months. Their nutritional status was determined by body mass index, body fat and total body water. Six food recall instruments were used to evaluate food group intake according to the food guide pyramid. Food cravings were detected by three daily symptom charts. RESULTS: The mean body mass index and body fat were normal in both phases; however, there was a higher percentage of women with above-average body water during the luteal phase (77%). The consumption of foods from the complementary group was higher during the luteal phase. The consumption of foods from all other groups during both phases was below the recommended levels, except for meats. Food cravings were mild during the entire menstrual cycle and there were no significant differences between the phases. Food cravings were positively associated with increased intake of foods from the complementary group. CONCLUSION: In healthy women, the menstrual cycle influences food consumption and the luteal phase causes water retention