INDICATORS OF RURAL POVERTY IN THE REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA - MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY ANALYSIS

Rural poverty presents an escalating problem for post-communist countries struggling with perpetual transition towards market economy. As a country deriving from such economic background, Republic of Macedonia is classified as one of the poorest countries in Europe. The rural population in the country is faced with different obstacles such as: limited access to institutions, infrastructure, finances, and other aspects which not only impede these population’s living conditions but also obstruct the development and growth of the rural areas. In order to provide detailed description of the rural poverty situation as well as to identify the vulnerable and depraved group in the rural areas in the Republic of Macedonia, this paper represents an initial record of the poverty conditions in the rural areas. The poverty features are presented through the multidimensional poverty analytical tool and the indicators and dimensions of poverty on micro and macro (country) level in order to describe the socio-economic, environmental, political and institutional context. The comprehensive multi-dimensional analysis of the poverty dimensions in the Republic of Macedonia gives overview of the rural poverty situation and highlights several groups, suffering from multiple deprivations such as rural woman and agriculture households, which are part of an extremely vulnerable group, with the highest risk of going under the poverty base lines

FINANCIAL EFFECTS FROM INTRODUCTION OF EUROPEAN EGG MARKETING STANDARDS ON THE LAYER FARMS IN R. MACEDONIA

This paper presents the financial effects from introduction of the new EU method for grading the eggs according the size (weight) in 4 classes instead of Macedonian method of grading in 7 weight classes based on the comparative analyze of production records in three flocks of ISA commercial layers (Flock 1 - 18125, Flock 2 – 17587, Flock 3 - 16818). The comparison of the financial effects of the introduction of the EU grading system is made by the partial budgeting analysis. Application of European model for egg grading resulted in increased income of about 18-37 denars per average hen-day layer that improves the financial effects at the layer farms. Expressed per unit of production, egg grading based on the egg weight in 4 classes results in increased income per unit of production of 0.1-0.2 denars and is significant increase of the farm profitability knowing that each layer produces around 300 eggs during one production cycle of one year. Hence, the use of standards goes beyond marketing aspects, and can financially support the market without budgetary implications

Производно - економски ефекти од производството на сончоглед во Овче поле

Испитувањата беа изведени во реонот на Овче Поле, на површини од ДОО „14-ти Септември“ Свети Николе, на индустриска култура сончоглед. Со анализа на производно-економските ефекти од производството на оваа култура, е опфатено истото претпријатие (ДОО), кое е предмет на проучување во трите последователни години и тоа 1991, 1992 и 1993 година, а притоа како базна е земена 1989.Трудов, што како предмет на проучување го опфаќа обемот на трошоците и доходот на единица производ, укажува дека производните ефекти кај сончогледот, секоја година покажуваат дивергентни промени, шро се последица главно од низа влијаниа на надворешни факори, паритет-усогласеност на цените во целина, интезитет на инфлаторните движења и слично, како и од познатите отежнати економски услови во стопанисувањето на претпријатијата, рационалноста во искористување на капацитетите и воопшто од доследното спроведување и почитување на принципот на економичноста