Evaluation of social support in the elderly

Introducción: el proceso de rápido envejecimiento de la población plantea nuevos desafíos para el sistema de salud.Objetivo: evaluar el apoyo social a los adultos mayores pertenecientes al consultorio médico de familia 58 del Policlínico Docente Universitario Luis Augusto Turcios Lima, de Pinar del Río.Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, en adultos mayores pertenecientes al consultorio médico de familia 58, del área de salud antes mencionada entre 2018 y 2019.  Fueron estudiado 154 individuos, mediante un muestreo probabilístico, aleatorio simple, cumpliéndose para ello con los criterios de selección. La revisión documental y aplicación del test de apoyo social, permitieron la obtención de datos que dieron salida a las variables analizadas, recurriéndose a la estadística descriptiva. Se respetó la ética médica.Resultados: 24,7% de los adultos mayores pertenecieron al grupo etario de 75-79 años, predominando el sexo femenino (57,8 %), y aquellos individuos con primaria sin terminar (47,4 %), acorde a la escolaridad. El 56,0 % de las familias eran extensas incompletas, el 61,7 % medianas, presentándose en el 59,1 % de las familias un apoyo social algo frecuente. El 74 % de las crisis paranormativas presentes en la familia de los adultos mayores fueron por desorganización, siendo los recursos sociales medianamente deteriorados en el 55,8 % de los adultos mayores.Conclusiones: se tuvieron niveles de apoyo social algo frecuentes en la población estudiada, caracterizándose a la familia como célula fundamental de la sociedad, precisándose la importancia del apoyo social en el anciano, y en la propia familia.Introduction: the process of rapid population aging poses new challenges for the health care system. Objective: to evaluate the social support to older adults belonging to the family medical office 58 of the Policlínico Docente Universitario Luis Augusto Turcios Lima, Pinar del Río. Methods: a descriptive, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study was conducted in older adults belonging to the family medical office 58, of the aforementioned health area between 2018 and 2019.  A total of 154 individuals were studied by means of probabilistic, simple random sampling, complying with the selection criteria. The documentary review and application of the social support test, allowed obtaining data that gave an output to the variables analyzed, resorting to descriptive statistics. Medical ethics were respected.Results: 24,7 % of the older adults belonged to the 75-79 years age group, predominantly female (57,8 %), and those individuals with unfinished primary schooling (47,4 %), according to schooling. 56,0 % of the families were in the 75-79 years age group. 56,0 % of the families were incomplete extended families, 61,7 % were medium-sized, and 59,1 % of the families had somewhat frequent social support. Seventy-four percent of the paranormative crises present in the families of the older adults were due to disorganization, with moderately deteriorated social resources in 55,8 % of the older adults.Conclusions: levels of social support were somewhat frequent in the population studied, characterizing the family as the fundamental cell of society, specifying the importance of social support in the elderly and in the family itself

Therapeutic Adherence in Patients with Arterial Hypertension

Background: arterial hypertension is presented worldwide as one of the main causes of death and disability. Lack of adherence to treatment is one of this disease great problems. Objective: to determine the level of therapeutic adherence in patients with arterial hypertension in office 22 belonging to the Turcios Lima Comunitary Polyclinic of the Pinar del Río municipality. Method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out in patients with arterial hypertension from office 22, belonging to the Turcios Lima Comunitary Polyclinic from December 2018 to June 2019. There was a universe of 160 patients. The survey was applied to collect the information. The variables analyzed were: age, sex, level of education, indicated treatment, level of adherence to treatment and reasons for non-adherence to treatment. The Morisky-Green-Levine test was used as measurement instruments. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. To obtain absolute and relative frequencies and in inferential statistics, the Chi-square test (X2) to determine homogeneity respectively of the sample distributions. Results: adherence to treatment was 47.50 %. The highest adherence was found in the age group 65 years old and over, female with 31.3 % and the pre-university level with 17.5 %. The 39.40 % adherence was represented by the monotherapy therapeutic scheme. Forgetfulness and feeling better were the most frequent reasons for non-adherence in 41.0 % and 27.0 %, respectively. Conclusions: the level of therapeutic adherence in patients with hypertension in the office 22 is low, the most frequent reason being forgetfulness