Progress in Participation in Tertiary Education in India from 1983 to 2004

Using nationally representative household surveys, this paper examines the trends in attainment, enrollment, and access to tertiary (higher) education in India from 1983 to 2005. The findings suggest that there has been considerable progress in attainment and participation; however, they remain low. Important gaps exist in enrollment between rich and poor, rural and urban areas, men and women, disadvantaged groups and the general population, and states. Analysis of transition rates from secondary education to tertiary education and regression analysis indicate that inequality in tertiary education between disadvantaged groups and the general population is explained by low completion rates of secondary education. Inequality in tertiary education related to income, gender, rural residence, and between states is explained by: (i) differences in completion rates of secondary education, and (ii) differences in the probability of transitioning from secondary education to tertiary education. In particular, the importance of household income has grown markedly. Equitable expansion of secondary education is therefore critical for improving the equity of tertiary education. There is also a need to help qualified youth from low-income families and rural backgrounds to attend tertiary education, in particular the technical and engineering streams, in which participation is lower.access to higher education; access to tertiary education; age cohort; age group; age groups; colleges; competition for entry; completion rate; completion rates degree courses; degrees

Iranian undergraduate non-English majors’ interpretation of english structures

The present study sought to determine whether Iranian non-English major students with or without the experience of attending language institutes, were more influenced by the type of verb or the argument structure patterns in their interpretation of English structures. To answer this question, 100 non-English major participants took part in a grouping task which was designed to reveal the participants' preference in sentence interpretation. Except for those who did not have the required knowledge base and displayed no grouping preference, the participants of the study exhibited three different grouping or sorting strategies in their performance: verb-centered strategy and two types of construction-based performance. The results of a Chi square test indicated that regardless of attending language institutes, the said participants were more inclined to group the structures (i.e., through interpreting them) by relying on the structures' verb types rather than paying attention to the argument structure patterns around which the structures were configured.The implication of these findings is that at least in a foreign language context, a verb valency-based reading strategy is needed to enhance the foreign language learners’ information processing skills. The pedagogical overtones of the findings would affect both teaching activities as well as syllabus design and material development for non- English majors’ English books used in the universit

Exact Equation for Wilson Loops in 2-Dimentional Euclidean Space

We derive an exact equation for simple self non-intersecting Wilson loops in non-abelian gauge theories with gauge fields interacting with fermions in 2-dimensional Euclidean space

Justification of Galston's Liberal Pluralism

Liberal multicultural theories developed in late twenty-first century aims to ensure the rights of the minorities, social justice and harmony in liberal societies. Will Kymlicka is the leading philosopher in this field. He advocates minority rights, their autonomy and the way minority groups can be accommodated in a liberal society with their distinct cultural identity. Besides him, there are other political theorists on the track and Galston is one of them. He disagrees with Kymlicka on some crucial points, particularly regarding the scope of civil rights of the minority groups and the responsibilities of both majority and minority groups for the sake of social harmony and justice. He tries to develop a moral theory of mutualism based on inter-community toleration and constitutionalism. Considering toleration as one of the fundamental liberal virtues he contends that the majority government has the responsibility to make arrangement both for the members of majority and minority groups so that they can build inter personal relation and learn toleration. The paper critically justifies the feasibility of his theory in a liberal society and claims that although Galston’s theory has a higher possibility to be accommodated in liberal societies, it eventually fails