Modeling the ethical leadership and the organizational trust with the organizational learning in the work environment

Introduction: Ethical leadership is one of the approaches that has seriously come to the literature of leadership and management in the late 20th century. The change of the organizational knowledge and the allocation of knowledge which are the goals of the organizational learning are not possible without the organizational trust. Leadership's behaviors and the leaders have an important role in the organizational learning. Hence, the current research aims at investigating, for the first time, the relationship among the ethical leadership's variables, organizational trust, and the organizational learning in the job environment. Methods: The current research was descriptive-correlational. The statistic community of the research includes all the staffs at the Isfahan University of Medicine faculties (831 people). After conducting pilot and confirming reliability and validity, the sample was calculated on the basis of the accidental-classified method, using the volume identifying formula and 202-person Cochran formula. To analyze the data with SPSS Inc. Released 2007 (SPSS for Windows, Version 16.0. Chicago, SPSS Inc.), two methods of descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used. In the inferential statistics section, these tests were used: Independent T, binomial, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple and linear regression. Results: The evidence coming from the data analysis revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship among the ethical leadership, organizational learning, and organizational trust as well as between the organizational trust and organizational learning (P < 0.01). In addition to it, the results of the regression analysis showed that the ethical leadership and organizational trust have the ability to significantly predict the organizational learning (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Environment with the ethical in modern organizations, all the leadership styles have critical values; however, the role of the ethical leadership is very prominent. Especially at universities that aim at promoting the culture of the organizational learning and organizational trust, the ethical leadership must be paid attention to. The existence of the ethical leadership style will result in developing values because this ethic-based characteristic in the leaders will gradually be conveyed to the staffs. Finally, in such an environment, automatically, the organizational trust, and the organizational learning will increase as the dominant ethical values suggest such concepts as trust and learning

Violence to staff in psychiatric hospitals

INTRODUCTION: Being exposed to violence at workplace is threatening to healthcare staff. Increasingly violence has been cited by nurses as the most important reason for leaving nursing profession. The current study aims to study the status of violence against medical staff of psychiatric hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. METHODOLOGY: This study is a descriptive-applied research which studied 151 nurses working in Farabi and Khorshid hospitals in 2015. The tool for information gathering which was a standardized questionnaire on “workplace violence against medical staff” was filled in by the respondents. The study's questionnaire includes demographic information and two types of violence and abuse: physical and emotional (verbal aggression, bullying, racial, and ethnic). Chi-square test, t-test, and analysis of variance and logistic regression tests were used for statistical data analysis of answers. RESULTS: The results indicate that 58.9% of nurses have experienced physical violence while 81.4%, 32.4%, and 7.3% have been exposed to verbal violence, workplace bullying, and racial and ethnic violence, respectively. The most cases of violence have been perpetrated by patients and their families or companions. There was not a significant relation between likelihood of being exposed to different types of workplace violence and the hospital, level of physical contact with patient, and patient gender. CONCLUSION: Given the rate of reported violence in medical centers, the health authorities should make every effort to reduce healthcare-related abuse and violence through using of proper preventive strategies, proper management, taking safety measures, and increasing public awareness about all aspects of the issue

The Effects of Vitamin D on Kynurenine Level in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: An Epidemiological Study

Background and aims: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders with a worldwide prevalence of 5%. The prevalence is even higher among school age children ranging from 8% to 12%. ADHD is predominantly childhood-onset disorder and can persist into adolescence and adulthood to inflict long-term harm. The aim of this study was to identify the epidemiological features of ADHD and investigate the effects of vitamin D on kynurenine level in children with ADHD in Iran using ELISA method. Methods: A case-control study was designed. The study participants consisted of 40 patients with ADHD and 40 healthy participants as control group. It was conducted in Isfahan Hasht Behesht hospital from July to November 2015. All samples were treated with 1000 U of vitamin D as a tablet twice daily. The level of kynurenine was measured in blood samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data analysis was done using SPSS software. Results: The results of this study showed that the mean vitamin D levels were 49.73 and 73.72, respectively before and after treatment in patient group, which seem significant. The mean vitamin D level after treatment was higher in patient group in comparison with control group. On the other hand, the mean kynurenine levels were 608.1 and 662.9, respectively before and after treatment in patient group. The mean kynurenine level was the same before and after treatment. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, we can conclude that vitamin D did not have a significant effect on kynurenine level in children with ADHD