Disease - caused transformations: Phenomenological study of illness experience in people with cardiovascular diseases

Background: The experience of cardiovascular diseases affects various physical, psychological, social and existential aspects of the patient. But, after studying the research background, it was found that Each of the conducted studies have studied only one of these dimensions. Therefore, the absence of a research that examines all the mentioned components in relation to each other is a sign of the existence of a scientific gap in this field. Aims: The present research was conducted with the aim of studying the "disease experience" in people suffering from cardiovascular diseases. Methods: In this qualitative research, interpretive phenomenological method was used. Sampling was done using the purposeful sampling method and in order to collect data, a semi-structured interview based on the axes proposed by Spradley (2016) was conducted individually with 16 cardiovascular patients. The data were analyzed based on the 6-step strategy of Smith, Larkin and Flowers (2021) and using MAXQDA-2020 software. Results: From the analysis of the findings, the central category of "Disease-caused Transformations" was identified, which includes five main categories of phenomenal body, agency barrier, communication interference, difficult emotional experiences, and existential challenges. Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that cardiovascular diseases cause profound changes in various aspects of the patients' personal and social life. Using the categories identified in the current research can be a guide for specialists to evaluate that In which of the categories of "pathological changes" does the cardiovascular patient have more serious problems and as a result, it can help specialists in designing and implementing interventions according to the same category

Evaluation of the Effect of Knowledge Concerning Healthy Nutrition and Nutrition Science on the Knowledge Development Approach

Background: Nutrition can be regarded as an important part of any preparation program, as well as an important part of life. It seems essential to develop nutritional science and improve eating habits with the purpose of developing a healthy diet and avoiding the outcomes that arise from a lack of nutrition. Proper nutrition is one of the important factors for the development of health. Lack of sufficient awareness about nutrition can result in improper eating habits. Objectives: The present study evaluated the effect of knowledge about healthy nutrition and nutrition science on the knowledge development approach. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the statistical population consisted of 190 experts and other scholars in the area of nutritional science. A questionnaire based on demographic details, nutritional science, nutrition education, research, proper solutions to individuals’ nutritional problems, and a culture of nutrition was used for data collection. Results: A relatively strong positive correlation was found between the knowledge development approach, nutritional science, nutrition education and research, and proper solutions for individual nutritional problems and a culture of nutrition (P < 0.001). Conclusions: 1) Effective enhancement and participation in an academic community will be important in the future of food and nutrition security; however, major gaps and weaknesses also exist in this context; 2) The main weaknesses in relation to the lack of clear policies and procedures include focusing on only Tehran, Iran; the need to overcome bureaucracy; and problems related to motivation, capital, and international communications; 3) Qualitative and quantitative improvement of research is not possible without access to skilled experts and researchers; 4) To solve these problems, it will be beneficial to pay more attention to the role of universities, facilitate intellectual communication among professors in Tehran and other provinces, ensure that Iranian professors are employed abroad, develop educational and research cooperation with foreign countries, and ensure that facilities for international cooperation put in place by united nations (UN) agencies are used. Keywords: Nutritional Science, Knowledge Management, Foo

The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training in Improving the Quality of Life of the War Victims with Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Objective: Those veterans suffering from Post Traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) experience a low quality of life. This study investigated how the quality of life of warfare victims with PTSD was influenced by mindfulness training (MT) Method: This study followed a randomized controlled trial and included a pre-test, post-test and delayed post- and was conducted in 2012 at Shahid Rajaee Hospital in Isfahan, Iran. The participants were 28 randomly selected male warfare victims with PTSD who were assigned into control and experimental groups. Data were collected using World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-26 (WHOQOL-26). Repeated measures ANOVA was run to analyze the data . Results: The findings of this study indicated a statistically significant decrease in the mean score of the experimental group in both post-test and delayed post-test. Also, in comparison with the control group, there was a statistically significant increase in the mean scores of the physical and psychiatric health, social re ationship and social setting and condition of the experimental group in the post-test and delayed post-test (p< 0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study lend support to the effectiveness of MT in improving the quality of life of those veterans with PTSD and have significant implications for drawing our attention to mindfulness-based treatments as a way to enhance the quality of life of warfare victims suffering from PTSD