An edition (with commentary, a full glossary and an introduction on the language and the literary interest of the text) of the middle English version of Aelred of Rievaulx’s de Institutiona Inclusarum in the Vernon MS

This edition of the Middle English translation of St. Aelred of Rievaulx's de Institutione Inclusarum contained in MS. Vernon comprises: (a) An introduction, which deals with: i) The manuscript; this section contains a description in general terms of MS. Vernon and in greater detail of the preliminary quire, and discusses the reasons for this text's "being chosen as a "preface" to the MS and some speculations as to the place of origin of the MS. ii) The general background to the life and works of Aelred of Rievaulx, and in particular the writing and later currency of the de Institutione Inclusarum. iii) The doctrinal and philosophical content of the text, including a description of the structure of the treatise, a brief survey of its content and treatment, and an examination of some points of similarity between Aeired's work and the Ancrene Riwle. iv) Some speculations as to the identity of the translator, and a discussion of the technical merits and demerits of his work, and of his style. v) An investigation of the language of the text, dealing in turn with phonology, accidence and vocabulary, which tends to indicate that the translation may have existed in South 'Eastern, East Midland and Northern versions before being written down in the form in which we have it, with a West Midland overlay. vi) The editorial procedure adopted in the preparation of the text. (b) The text, which is accompanied by C. H. Talbot's authoritative edition of Aeired's Latin. (c) A commentary, in which Biblical references are explained, various phonological, grammatical and lexical points of interest are discussed, account is given of textual emendations, and various matters arising out of the content of the treatise are commented' on in more detail than in the Introduction. (d) An appendix, which lists those instances in which C. Horstmann's 1884" edition of the text is at variance with the MS.(e) A glossary (together with a list of proper names), which, while not being an Index Verborum, does attempt to list and explain all the forms and senses of all the words occurring in the text

Excavations and the afterlife of a professional football stadium, Peel Park, Accrington, Lancashire: towards an archaeology of football

Association football is now a multi-billion dollar global industry whose emergence spans the post-medieval to the modern world. With its professional roots in late 19th-century industrial Lancashire, stadiums built for the professionalization of football first appear in frequency in the North of England. While many historians of sport focus on consumerism and ‘topophilia’ (attachment to place) regarding these local football grounds, archaeological research that has been conducted on the spectator experience suggests status differentiation within them. Our excavations at Peel Park confirm this impression while also showing a significant afterlife to this stadium, particularly through children’s play

‘20 tins of Stella for a fiver’: The making of class through Labour and Coalition government alcohol policy

Alcohol use in the UK has been a key concern to both the Labour and Coalition governments, and commands considerable attention in the media and academic discussions. This article analyses how recent government policy discussions have defined particular forms of drinking as problematic, and how these definitions and associated policy initiatives can be seen as part of a wider symbolic economy through which people come to be valued differently, incorporating ideas of economic, cultural and social capital. Therefore, I argue that government policies and discussions of drinking are a key way in which class is constituted in contemporary Britain

Adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of the qualitative literature using grounded theory

Purpose: Numerous studies have examined non-adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy in women recovering from breast cancer, but none provide a comprehensive theory to explain the challenges of long-term medication-taking and resilience needed to continue. The aim of this study was to source, appraise, and synthesise data from existing qualitative studies to develop an in-depth explanatory model of non-adherence and discontinuation of hormonal medication among breast cancer survivors. Methods: A comprehensive search of databases and the literature identified 24 eligible qualitative studies published 2010-2019. Quotations (n= 801) listed within these papers and the original author interpretations were synthesised using NVivo, and grounded theory methodology. Results: At the beginning, knowledge about adjuvant endocrine therapy, trust in doctors, and worries and expectations, mean agreeing to medication is the only viable option, akin to a Hobson’s choice. Thereafter, women’s ability to deal with medication side-effects, knowledge, and support received affect their decision to continue, akin to a horned dilemma where giving up the medication risks cancer recurrence, and continuing means reduced contentment. Women stopping medication altogether question treatment necessity, search for normalcy, and prioritise quality of life. Conclusion: Shared experiences and understandings were uncovered by examining commonalities in existing publications. The core category explained the difficulties women face with the initial decision to accept long-term endocrine therapy and then the everyday challenges of continuing or deciding to stop treatment early. An educational tool to inform survivors and health professionals about these challenges could potentially improve women’s experience on treatment and in turn their adherence

Historical ‘signposts’ and other temporal indicators in the Czech lexicon

This article posits that the Czechs employ a great many historical markers, previously applied to other events of national importance, which help to shape collective memory and right the ‘wrongs’ of the past. It is argued that these temporal indicators share a number of clearly defined characteristics, and that their use is too systematic and calculated to be merely a function of the constraints of the lexicon. The first part of the study considers in detail questions of semantics (especially the distinction between denotation and connotation), the lexicographical sources available to the researcher, and the lexical ‘signpost’ in context, while the second part focuses on practical examples of lexical re-appropriation since 1918, with particular reference to dictionaries and the Czech National Corpus.University of Wolverhampto

Cachimbos europeus de cerâmica branca, séculos XVI ao XIX: parâmetros básicos para análise arqueológica

O tabaco foi introduzido na Europa no final do século XV. Desde então, uma das formas mais comuns para o seu consumo foi o cachimbo, além do rapé, do tabaco de mascar, do charuto e, mais recentemente, dos cigarros. Os cachimbos de cerâmica branca, largamente produzidos e utilizados na Europa desde o século XV, são encontrados em sítios arqueológicos históricos ao redor do mundo, incluindo no Brasil, em decorrência do comércio internacional, que gradualmente se intensificou após o início da conquista europeia. Eles funcionam como excelentes elementos para datação de sítios e estratos arqueológicos, tendo sido estudados em vários países a partir dessa abordagem. Ainda, esse tipo de artefato, mais que fornecer datações, permite identificar redes comerciais entre nações e desenvolver discussões de cunho social e cultural. Contudo, eles foram pouco estudados no Brasil. Visando contribuir com os estudos nacionais dessa categoria material, este artigo oferece uma revisão da literatura internacional acerca do histórico da produção dos cachimbos europeus de caulim, incluindo apresentação dos principais centros produtores; da morfologia e decoração desses produtos, considerando a cronologia do fabrico; e dos métodos de análise dos diferentes cachimbos de caulim no âmbito da arqueologia histórica.Tobacco was introduced in Europe at the end of the 15th century. Since then, one of the most traditional means for its use has been the pipe, next to the powder version, chewing, cigars, and, more recently, cigarettes. White clay tobacco pipes, widely produced and used in Europe since the 15th century, are found in historical archaeological sites around the world, including Brazil, due to international trade, which gradually intensified with the European conquest of the New World. They are excellent guides for dating archaeological sites and layers. In addition, this type of artifact, more than a dating tool, permits identifying trading networks between nations and developing discussions of cultural and social nature. These pipes, however, have been understudied in Brazil. In order to contribute to studies of this type of artifact in our country, this paper offers a revision of the international literature on the history of clay pipe production in Europe, including the presentation of main production centers; morphology and decoration of these products, considering issues of fabrication chronology; and the methods used in Historical Archaeology for analyzing clay tobacco pipes