Distribution, frequency and occurrence of cereal nematodes on the Central Anatolian Plateau in Turkey and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties

The distribution of important plant-parasitic and free-living nematodes in the cereal production areas of the Central Anatolian Plateau (CAP) of Turkey was investigated with systematic surveys. Two important plant-parasitic nematode groups were found widely distributed; cereal-cyst nematodes (78.3%) and root-lesion nematodes (42.6%). Cereal cyst nematodes (CCN) were identified as Heterodera filipjevi in 18 provinces. Heterodera latipons was found in only one province. Pratylenchus thornei and P. neglectus were the most widely distributed species of root-lesion nematodes. Other frequently recorded plant-parasitic nematodes belonged to the genera Geocenamus (52.4%), Pratylenchoides (35.6%), Helicotylenchus (29.7%) and Paratylenchus (19.2%). Konya on the southern CAP had a significantly high incidence of P. neglectus as well as free-living nematodes. The incidence of CCN was greatest in areas of sandy soils on the CAP, with densities of up to 95 cysts (100 g soil)-1. Population densities of Geocenamus, Pratylenchus and Pratylenchoides were high in some locations. Soil physicochemical properties were investigated for their relationship to nematode distribution. There was a slight positive correlation of P. thornei and clay content; conversely, there was a significant negative correlation of P. neglectus with clay and a positive correlation with sand. Electrical conductivity (EC) was positively correlated with P. neglectus. Nematodes in the genera Helicotylenchus, Paratylenchus, Trophurus and Tylenchorhynchus were only recorded at low population densities in the sampled area. By contrast, nematodes in the genera Aphelenchus, Aphelenchoides, Ditylenchus, Dorylaimus, Tylenchus and bacterivorous genera had relatively high populations. Total free-living nematodes were positively correlated with EC and zinc (Zn) concentration. The Zn content of soil was generally at a level deficient for plant growt

Ekmeklik Buğdayın (Triticum aestivum L.) F2 Döllerinin Farklı Ortamlarda Anter Kültürüne Tepkisi

The anther culture is one of the most important methods for producing doubled haploid plants and the efficiency of this method is influenced by several mentioned factors such as genotype and induction media. In this study, it was investigated that anther response of different F2 progenies of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) hybrids using MN6 and P2 induction media. The results indicated that callus production, regeneration, green and albino plant numbers are higher on MN6 media than on P2 media for all genotypes. In addition to, all investigated parameters varied between genotypes. It can be said that the response of anthers depends mainly both the genotype and media, and the most suitable induction media for obtaining doubled haploid from our wheat hybrids was MN6 medium. However, it may be needed to develop other culture conditions for this population to utilize it in an actual breeding program.Anter kültürü, double haploid bitki elde etmek için kullanılan en önemli yöntemlerden birisidir ve bu yöntemin etkinliği, genotip ve kültür ortamı gibi pek çok etmenden etkilenir. Bu çalışmada, MN6 ve P2 ortamları kullanılarak, farklı ekmeklik buğday melezi F2 döllerinin anter kültürüne tepkisi araştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar, bütün genotiplerde kallus üretimi, rejenerasyon, yeşil ve albino sayısının, P2'ye göre MN6 ortamında daha yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Buna ek olarak, incelenen tüm özellikler bakımından genotipler arasında farklılıklar vardır ve anter kültürüne tepkinin büyük oranda hem genotipten hem de kültür ortamından etkilendiğini ve kullanılan melezler için en uygun kültür ortamının MN6 ortamı olduğu söylenebilir. Ancak, etkin bir ıslah programında bu populasyonun kullanabilmesi diğer kültür koşullarının da geliştirilmesiyle olasıdır