Modelling the Effect of Income and Car Ownership on Recreational Trip in Akure ,Nigeria

The effect of income and car ownership on recreational trip pattern in the study area was analysed, focusing on the frequency of trips, modal choice and the land use pattern. It is an attempts to extend research on travel characteristics and behaviour to cities of the developing world with focus on Akure metropolis

Mobility of the Poor in Akure Metropolis: Income and Land Use Approach.

Nigeria being a developing economy still has a high percentage of low income earners. Mobility and modal choice affect us all in our daily life whether we are commuting to work or for recreational purpose. Catering for the effective and efficient mobility of this unique set of low income earners is a task for transport planners. This research assessed the mobility of the poor using land use and level of income. The study area was divided into six zones based on the land use configuration.Income level, frequency of trip and the predominant modal choice for both work and business trip were evaluated. The result showed that the use of taxi and motor cycle in the study area is high. The low income group has the highest frequency of trip base on the level of income and land use. The result of this research will aid the government at all levels and policy makers in formulating a good transportation scheme for the low income earners now and in the foreseeable future. It will also provide policy makers with an improved understanding of the travel behavior of the poor and their preferred modal choice. Keywords: (Poor, Low Income Earners, Modal Choice, Land Use, Income

Use of Sustainable Materials in Self-Healing Concrete

Vulnerability to cracks is one of the major flaws of concrete infrastructure. The need to reduce the repair cost of this defect birthed the need for self-healing concrete. The incidence of cracks on concrete structures is a big threat to the stability of bridges, concrete roads, and other concrete infrastructures. This review assessed the use of self-healing technology on concrete using sustainable material as an active method of healing crack. This was done with the view of improving the stability, strength, and sustainability of infrastructure for national growth. The outcome of the review showed three prominent methods used in self-healing technology, which include autogenous healing, encapsulation of polymeric material, and microbial production of calcium-carbonate (biotechnological approaches). The review also revealed that calcium carbonate is a versatile material that can be used in crack healing for the filling of voids and improves the porosity of the concrete. The success of using the autogenous healing method depends on the diameter of the crack induced in the concrete structure. Additionally, this method can operate independently in different conditions regardless of the crack position. Correspondingly, lowering the water-cement ratio improves the autogenous healing process. The use of encapsulation of polymeric material and microbial production of calcium-carbonate methods showed that the presence of water and humidity is a critical factor to be considered. However, biotechnology using microbial action is prone to the production of ammonium ions (NH4+) through ureolytic activity, which results in nitrogen oxide emission into the atmosphere. Congruently, this may affect the durability of the concrete. Based on the uniqueness of this technology, it is recommended for the construction of sustainable infrastructure now and in the foreseeable future

Response Surface Analysis of the Compressive Strength of Metakoalin Self-Compacting Concrete

The need for optimization of material in concrete technology is important. This will aid Engineers, researchers and construction workers in the concrete industry on the appropriate quantity required to achieve optimum structural strength. To this end, a Response Surface Model (RSM) was used in this research to assess the optimum strength properties of metakaolin in self-compacting concrete. The kaolinitic clay was dehydroxylated at 750oC to form metakaolin .This was used as a partial replacement for cement at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%. Both strength and rheology properties of the developed metakaolin self-compacting concrete was assessed. To this end, slump flow, L-Box test and V-funnel test was carried out alongside the compressive strength. The result of the research revealed that at 15% addition of metakaolin the slump flow, passing ability and filling ability was unsatisfactory according to EFNARC standard. From the numerical optimization of the compressive strength, the maximum predicted compressive strength of 44.35N/mm2 was obtained. At low values of metakaolin, the compressive strength increased as the age of the concrete increases from 3-150 days. The age with the optimum concrete strength formation was 110 days with the metakaolin addition of 52.73Kg. The result of this research provides data base for Engineers, Researchers and Construction workers on the optimum strength achievable using metakaolin in self-compacting concrete

Dataset of mechanical, marshall and rheological properties of crumb rubber – Bio-oil modified hot mix asphalt for sustainable pavement works

This data article presents information on the modification of bitumen with bio-oil pyrolyzed from cassava peels, and upgraded with a non-degradable polymer i.e. crumb rubber. Performance tests were carried out on the bio-oil crumb rubber modified bitumen. The main objective of bitumen modification is to produce new binders with improved mechanical, marshall and rheological properties [1]. The percentage of bio-oil by volume used for modification of bitumen was 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% respectively. Marshall Stability and flow tests were also carried out on the crumb rubber bio-asphalt produced