Diagnosis of comorbid migraine without aura in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy based on the gray zone approach to the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 criteria

BackgroundMigraine without aura (MwoA) is a very frequent and remarkable comorbidity in patients with idiopathic/genetic epilepsy (I/GE). Frequently in clinical practice, diagnosis of MwoA may be challenging despite the guidance of current diagnostic criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders 3 (ICHD-3). In this study, we aimed to disclose the diagnostic gaps in the diagnosis of comorbid MwoA, using a zone concept, in patients with I/GEs with headaches who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert.MethodsIn this multicenter study including 809 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of I/GE with or without headache, 163 patients who were diagnosed by an experienced headache expert as having a comorbid MwoA were reevaluated. Eligible patients were divided into three subgroups, namely, full diagnosis, zone I, and zone II according to their status of fulfilling the ICHD-3 criteria. A Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis was performed to bring out the meaningful predictors when evaluating patients with I/GEs for MwoA comorbidity, using the variables that were significant in the univariate analysis.ResultsLonger headache duration (<4 h) followed by throbbing pain, higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores, increase of pain by physical activity, nausea/vomiting, and photophobia and/or phonophobia are the main distinguishing clinical characteristics of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GE, for being classified in the full diagnosis group. Despite being not a part of the main ICHD-3 criteria, the presence of associated symptoms mainly osmophobia and also vertigo/dizziness had the distinguishing capability of being classified into zone subgroups. The most common epilepsy syndromes fulfilling full diagnosis criteria (n = 62) in the CART analysis were 48.39% Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy followed by 25.81% epilepsy with generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone.ConclusionLonger headache duration, throbbing pain, increase of pain by physical activity, photophobia and/or phonophobia, presence of vertigo/dizziness, osmophobia, and higher VAS scores are the main supportive associated factors when applying the ICHD-3 criteria for the comorbid MwoA diagnosis in patients with I/GEs. Evaluating these characteristics could be helpful to close the diagnostic gaps in everyday clinical practice and fasten the diagnostic process of comorbid MwoA in patients with I/GEs

Assessment of eutrophication and cyanobacterial occurrences in a Freshwater Lake, in Turkey

Cyanobacterial dominance in lakes has received much attention in the past because of frequent bloom formation in lakes of higher trophic levels. Study area (Lake Kovada) has been used for recreational purposes; fishing, swimming, garden watering etc. As far to our knowledge, cyanobacterial occurrence, especially Microcystis aeruginosa dominance in the lake never has been reported before. Hence intracellular microcystin analyses were performed by immunoassay from filtrate samples where M aeruginosa observed high in numbers. In total eighteen species belonging to 10 genera were identified in the lake. Some indicators of water quality in Lake Kovada were also measured in order to characterise the trophic status of the lake. An average of 6 months for soluble reactive phosphate analysis was measured as 109.8±0.04 µg l-1. These findings are even exceeding the limits for total phosphate concentration to control cyanobacterial bloom and mean ammonia was detected 668±58 µg l-1.Water quality criteria for free NH3 was suggested to be 20 µg l-1 by USEPA. According to the results which were obtained from the water quality analyses, the lake water is polluted and under risk of being highly populated with cyanobacteria. The effective monitoring programmes for the reduction of cyanobacterial toxin problems in waters require the identification and use of appropriate guidelines worldwide

ETLİK PİLİÇ BARSAK FLORASI ÜZERİNE YEMİN ETKİSİ

Bu çalışmada, yuınurtadan çıkıştan sonra civcivlerin do ğal barsak florasımn gelişimi ve bu gelişime sterilize edilmiş ve edilmemiş yemin etkisi araştınlmıştır. Civcivlerin barsaklarındaki doğal floramn baskm üyelerinden laktobasil, enterokok ve E.coli 'nin sayımı yapılmıştır. Sterilize edilmemiş yemle beslenen Grup II civcivlerin barsak ve körbarsaldanndaki E.coli sayısı logio , civcivlerin patojenlere duyarl ı olduklan ilk 7 gün boyunca steril yemle beslenen Grup I civcivlere göre yüksek bulunmu ştur. Grup I'de 4.günde 7.178,Grup II'de 8.058 değerleri ile en yüksek düzeye ula şmıştır. Ancak daha sonraki günlerde laktobasil ve enterokok say ılarının yükselmesiyle birlikte E.coh sayı sı Grup I'de 9.günde 4.043'e, Grup Irde 2.955'e dü şmüştür. Denenie süresince laktobasil ve enterokok sayılannda 102-108düzeyinde dalgalanmalar meydana gelmi ştir. Kullanılan yemin gramında 5.677 E. coli, 4.824 laktobasil bulunduğu, fekal streptokok ve Salmonella bulunmadığı belirlenmiştir. Salmonella tvphimurium 60-62 civcivıerde 9. günde kontrol grubuna göre 11.91 g a ğırlık kaybına neden olmuştur

CİVCİV KÖRBARSAĞINDAN IZOLE EDİLEN BAZI LAKTOBASİL SUŞLARININ ÇEŞITLI ANTİBİYOTİKLERE DİRENÇLERİ

Bu araştırmada, civciv körbarsaklanndan 40 adet laktobasil su şu izole edilmiştir. hole edilen suşlar Lactobacillus acidophilus, L.agilis, L.animalis, L.brevis, L.co ğyniformis subsp. torquens, L.fermentum ve L.plantarum olarak tanımlanmıştır. Bu suşlann 20 çeşit antibiyotiğe karşı duyarlı lıklan incelenmiştir. Suşlann tamamının amoksisilin, ampisilin ve karbenisiline, büyük k ı smı nın ise penisilin, kloramfenikol, eritromisin, novobiosin, rifampisin ve tetrasikline duyarl ı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Buna karşılık tüm suşlarda polimiksin B'ye karşı direnç saptanırken, basitrasin, genta ınisin, kanamycin, nistatin, spektinomisin ve streptomisine kar şı direnç gösteren suşlann oranı %75-92.5 arası nda değişmektedir

Deterination of Some Properties of Lactobacillus Strains Isolated from Cecum

T Some properties o antibacterial activit and proteolytic acti less lactic acid tha levels. It was foun Lactobacillus strai tal number of 36 Lactobacillus strains were isolated and identified from cecum in our previous study. those strains were determined, These properties were lactic acid production, proteolytic activity and against pathogens. It was determined that lactic acid productions ranged from 2.200 to 6,800 mg/ml, ity ranged between 0.013 and 8.600 mg tyrosine/5 ml. Strains with high proteolytic activity produced the others. Beyond that 25 strains inhibited E. coli K12 107 and S. typhimurium 60-62 at different that S. typhimurium 60-62 was inhibited more than was E. coli K12 107, and the most effective s were L. fermentum KY2002 and L. plantarum KY2402