Benefit analysis: An application of the contingent valuation method (CVM) in Köyceğiz - Dalyan watershed

Fayda-maliyet analizlerinde kullanılmak üzere çevresel mal ve hizmetlerin yarattığı faydanın ölçülmesi için farklı yaklaşımlar geliştirilmiştir. Sunulan bu çalışmanın amacı, bu yaklaşımları incelemek ve bu yaklaşımlardan biri olan “Senaryo Destekli Değerlendirme” (SDD) Yöntemini kullanarak, Köyceğiz Dalyan bölgesinde uygulamaktır. Her iki yerleşim merkezinde bulunan atıksu arıtma tesislerinin işletmeye alınması ile birlikte yeraltı ve yüzey suyu kalitesinin bozulmamasının halkın gözündeki ekonomik değerinin belirlenmesi için SDD yöntemi seçilmiştir. Yöntemin ilk  adımı olan anket çalışması,  2002 yılında bölgede toplam 800 kişiyle görüşülerek tamamlanmıştır. Elde edilen anketler, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) istatistik programına girilerek, analiz edilmiş ve halkın ortalama ödeme isteği hesaplanmıştır. Ayrıca arıtma tesisinin işletilmesinin sağladığı fayda hesaplanarak, fayda maliyet analizi yapılmış ve sonuçları da  değerlendirilmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Fayda analizi, değerlendirme teknikleri, senaryo destekli değerlendirme yöntemi, ödeme isteği, Köyceğiz-Dalyan, su havzası.  There is both great interest and septicism in attempts to put monetary values on environmental goods and services. The interest in valuation techniques arises in part from concern that efforts to protect and improve the environment be cost effective. The valuation task is to determine how much better or worse off individuals are (would be) as a result of a change in environmental quality. The main objective of this study is to examine these approaches in detail and evaluation of the analysis results of the application of  Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) in Köyceğiz – Dalyan Watershed. A survey was conducted to evaluate the benefit to households from reduced sewage pollution of surface and groundwater quality due to the operation of the wastewater treatment plants in Köyçeğiz – Dalyan Area. Being the only practical means of estimating the environmental benefits, CVM was applied to area in June 2002. 800 households in total were participated to questionnaire, which is a major step of the method.The questionnaires were analyzed in the  SPSS program and mean WTP (Willingness to pay) was estimated by using two different models: parametric and non-parametric. In addition, the benefit cost analysis of the operation of the WWTP was estimated and the results were summarized.    Keywords: Benefit analysis, valuation techniques, contingent valuation method, willingness to pay, watershed

Nonmarket valuation of water quality in a rural transition economy in Turkey applying an a posteriori bid design

In this paper, we investigate the economic benefits associated with public investments in wastewater treatment in one of the special protected areas along Turkey's touristic Mediterranean coast, the Köyceǧiz-Dalyan watershed. The benefits, measured in terms of boatable, fishable, swimmable and drinkable water quality, are estimated using a public survey format following the contingent valuation (CV) method. The study presented here is the first of its kind in Turkey. The study's main objective is to assess public perception, understanding, and valuation of improved wastewater treatment facilities in the two largest population centers in the watershed, facing the same water pollution problems as a result of lack of appropriate wastewater treatment. We test the validity and reliability of the application of the CV methodology to this specific environmental problem in a rural transition economy and evaluate the transferability of the results within the watershed. In order to facilitate willingness to pay (WTP) value elicitation we apply a novel dichotomous choice procedure where bid design takes place a posteriori instead of a priori. The statistical efficiency of different bid vectors is evaluated in terms of the estimated welfare measures' mean square errors using Monte Carlo simulation. The robustness of bid function specification is analyzed through average WTP and standard deviation estimated using parametric and nonparametric methods. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union

SAVAŞIN İZLERİ

Ayla Kutlu’ nun “Bir Göçmen Kuştu O” adlı yapıtında savaş olgusu hangi açılardan ele alınmıştır

Benefit Analysis Approach As A Tool For Sustainable Management- A Case Study In Koycegiz-dalyan Watershed

Tez (Doktora) -- İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, 2005Thesis (PhD) -- İstanbul Technical University, Institute of Science and Technology, 2005Bu çalışmanın gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yatırım programlarında yer alan başlıca çevre koruma projelerinin fayda maliyet analizlerinin yapılmasında büyük önem taşıyan fayda analizlerinin yapılmasına bir rehber olması amaçlanmıştır. Çevresel hizmet ve mallar için bir piyasa değeri olmadığı için klasik fayda maliyet analizleriyle çevresel etkiyi hesaplamak mümkün değildir. Yeni bir kavram geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Çevresel faydanın tahmin edilmesinde Köyçeğiz Dalyan yerleşim birimlerinde haziran 2002 tarihinde en pratik metod olan Senaryo Destekli Değerlendirme (SDD) Metodu uygulanmıştır. Köyceğiz ve Dalyan’da ayrı ayrı yapılmakta olan atıksu arıtma tesislerinin tamamlanmasıyla birlikte septik tanklardan kaynaklanan ve yüzey (göl) ve yeraltı suyunun kirlenmesine sebep olan problem ortadan kalkacaktır. Zaman içersinde tamamen ortadan kalkacak olan kirliliğin arıtma tesislerinin çalıştırılmasıyla ortadan kalkmasının yarattığı faydanın orada yaşayan halk için kaç para ifade ettiğini ölçmek için bu çalışma yapılmıştır.The aim of this study is to create a guide in benefit analysis of investment projects mainly environmental protection projects in developing countries. Environmental impacts are not accounted for in traditional cost benefit analysis (CBA) since there exists no market price for many environmental goods and services. A new concept was developed. The concept of Willingness to Pay (WTP) has been used to make non-priced environmental impacts equal with other market values . WTP is defined as the monetary value of the change in well-being resulting from the increase in environmental quality.A survey was conducted to evaluate the benefits to households from reduced sewage pollution of surface and groundwater quality due to the wastewater treatment plants in Koycegiz-Dalyan Area. Since the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is the only practical means of estimating the environmental benefits, this method was applied in Koycegiz-Dalyan Area in June 2002.DoktoraPh

Development of a synthetic strategy for Water soluble tripodal receptors: Two novel fluorescent receptors for highly selective and sensitive detections of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions and biological evaluation

A general synthetic strategy is developed to synthesize water soluble receptors by employing tripodal system based on a cyclotriphosphaze platform. The developed model is successfully synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR and P-31 NMR techniques. The fluorescence sensing performance of prepared water soluble tripodal systems were evaluated by UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. According to obtained results, two novel water-soluble sensing platforms were selective and sensitive fluorescence receptors for detections of Fe3+ and Cu2+ ions in both the absence and presence of competitive ions. In addition, the iron receptor also displays biological function, therefore, the cytotoxicity and fluorescence microscopy experiments were applied and it was demonstrated that compound 3 was non-cytotoxic, and can be used as fluorescence imaging sensors for Fe3+ in living cells. According to obtained results, proposed synthetic strategy could be applied to develop water soluble receptors for not only iron and/or copper ions but also many different metal ions of interest using a variety of fluoroionophores

A systematic series of fluorescence chemosensors with multiple binding sites for Hg(ii) based on pyrenyl-functionalized cyclotriphosphazenes and their application in live cell imaging

A systematic series of fluorescence chemosensors (1-3) having one, two and three-metal binding sites based on cyclotriphosphazene derivatives bearing bis-, tetra- and hexakis-2-(pyren-1-yl methylene amino) phenoxy units, respectively, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their sensing behaviors toward metal ions using UV/Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. Upon the addition of Hg2+ in both the absence and presence of competitive metal ions, the chemosensors revealed highly selective and sensitive turn-on emission enhancement based on the combined effects of chelation-enhanced fluorescence (CHEF), C?N isomerization and intramolecular pyrene excimer formation, as well as a color change from yellowish to colorless, which was readily detected by the naked eye. According to the Job plot method, the complexation ratios of chemosensors (1-3) with Hg2+ were found to be 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3 (ligand:metal), respectively, consistent with the proposed number of metal binding sites. Furthermore, the binding modes of chemosensors (1-3) with Hg2+ were supported by H-1 NMR spectroscopy. The increasing complexation ratios from 1:1 to 1:3 for chemosensors (1-3) enabled proportionally decreasing values for the detection limit (LOD) with 0.223 M, 0.114 M and 0.050 M, respectively. The cytotoxicity and fluorescence microscopy experiments also demonstrated that chemosensors (1-3) are non-cytotoxic, and can be used as fluorescence imaging sensors for Hg2+ in living cells

Adult Spinal Primary Leptomeningeal Medulloblastoma Presenting as Pseudotumour Cerebri Syndrome

A previously well 34-year-old man presented with severe pseudotumour cerebri. Imaging showed that he had a cauda equina tumour which proved to be a medulloblastoma. There was no tumour mass in the posterior fossa so we assume that this was a primary leptomeningeal medulloblastoma. In patients with somewhat atypical pseudotumour, spinal imaging should always be considered