Introgression and pyramiding into common bean market class fabada of genes conferring resistance to anthracnose and potyvirus

Anthracnose and bean common mosaic (BCM) are considered major diseases in common bean crop causing severe yield losses worldwide. This work describes the introgression and pyramiding of genes conferring genetic resistance to BCM and anthracnose local races into line A25, a bean genotype classified as market class fabada. Resistant plants were selected using resistance tests or combining resistance tests and marker-assisted selection. Lines A252, A321, A493, Sanilac BC6-Are, and BRB130 were used as resistance sources. Resistance genes to anthracnose (Co-2 ( C ), Co-2 ( A252 ) and Co-3/9) and/or BCM (I and bc-3) were introgressed in line A25 through six parallel backcrossing programs, and six breeding lines showing a fabada seed phenotype were obtained after six backcross generations: line A1258 from A252; A1231 from A321; A1220 from A493; A1183 and A1878 from Sanilac BC6-Are; and line A2418 from BRB130. Pyramiding of different genes were developed using the pedigree method from a single cross between lines obtained in the introgression step: line A1699 (derived from cross A1258 × A1220), A2438 (A1220 × A1183), A2806 (A1878 × A2418), and A3308 (A1699 × A2806). A characterization based on eight morpho-agronomic traits revealed a limited differentiation among the obtained breeding lines and the recurrent line A25. However, using a set of seven molecular markers linked to the loci used in the breeding programs it was possible to differentiate the 11 fabada lines. Considering the genetic control of the resistance in resistant donor lines, the observed segregations in the last backcrossing generation, the reaction against the pathogens, and the expression of the molecular markers it was also possible to infer the genotype conferring resistance in the ten fabada breeding lines obtained. As a result of these breeding programs, genetic resistance to three anthracnose races controlled by genes included in clusters Co-2 and Co-3/9, and genetic resistance to BCM controlled by genotype I + bc-3 was combined in the fabada line A3308

Benchmarking Minnesota’s Environmental Review and Permitting Processes for Forestry and Mining Industries: A Comparative Assessment

This report was prepared in response to 2005 Minnesota Session Laws, Chapter 1, Section 2, Subsection 7, requiring the commissioner of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency to submit a report to the Minnesota House and Senate Environment and Natural Resources Policy and Finance Committees benchmarking Environmental Review and permitting laws and procedures in Minnesota with states containing comparable forestry and mining development projects. The report consists of a review of state environmental review programs, case studies of four forestry and four mining development projects, and results of a focus group meeting with state environmental review and permitting project managers

Morquio-like syndrome with beta galactosidase deficiency and normal hexosamine sulfatase activity: mucopolysacchariodosis IVB

A 14-year-old white girl with mild dysostosis multiplex, odontoid hypoplasia, short stature, cloudy corneas, keratansulfaturia, but without detectable central nervous system abnormalities was referred with the diagnosis of Morquio syndrome. Clinical and roentgenographic findings were minimal compared to those of typical patients with the Morquio syndrome, MPS IV. Beta-Galactosidase activity in extracts of the patient's cultured fibroblasts was deficient, while that of galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase was normal. Conjunctival biopsy revealed intracytoplasmic vacuoles typical of lysosomal storage diseases. It is postulated that in this patient the deficiency of a beta-galactosidase is responsible for inadequate degradation of keratan sulfate and the appearance of a mild form of the Morquio syndrome (MPS IVB)

Mutation and polymorphism analysis in the tuberous sclerosis 2 (TSC2) gene

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multi-system disorder with two known disease loci on chromosomes 9q34 ( TSC1 ) and 16p13.3 ( TSC2 ). TSC has a prevalence of approximately 1 in 5,000–6,000, exhibits incomplete penetrance, and occurs in all racial groups. Our laboratory has undertaken the complete mutation analysis of the TSC2 gene in 42 TSC families using single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Of the total of 42 families, 16 show evidence of linkage to the chromosome 16 TSC2 locus and 26 are either sporadic or too small to establish chromosome linkage. The TSC2 gene spans at least 45 kilobases of genomic DNA, has 41 known exons, and codes for a 5,474-base pair transcript. After complete gene analysis, 16 TSC2 mutations have been identified, including DNA insertions, deletions, splice site mutations, and amino acid substitutions. The majority of putative TSC2 mutations were found in sporadic rather than TSC2 -linked families. We have also detected 15 polymorphisms which occur in the TSC2 gene

Taking dogs to tourism activities : incorporating attachment into a pet-related constraint-negotiation model

This research’s purpose is to examine the factors that affect pet owners’ decisions when taking pets to participate in tourism activities. Unlike tourist travelling alone, pet owners must consider their own circumstances as well as the constraints their pets place on them. To narrow the gap in the literature, 568 Taiwanese dog owners who have included their pets in tourism activities were recruited. The results from structural equation modeling show pet-associated constraints will negatively affect owners’ behavior. On the other hand, motivated owners who are attached to their pets will still include their pets in tourism activities if they have the needed negotiation strategy