Pengaruh Green Marketing Kebijakan Kantong Plastik Berbayar terhadap Green Behaviour Masyarakat Kota Bogor

Paid plastic bags policy issued by The Ministry of Environmental and Forestry to reduce plastic waste problem and promote green behaviour lifestyle. In order to change consumer behaviour when using plastic bags, government need to look over the marketing of paid plastic bags policy. The objective of this study are to identify customer respons about using their own bags, customer perceptions of green marketing and green behaviour, analyze green marketing of paid plastic bags policy influence towards green behavior.Primary data are obtained by questionnaire method and the secondary data are obtained from Department of Industry and Trade. The data have been analyzed using structural equation model and descriptive analysis. The result of this study shows after the policy applied, more customers are willing to carry their own shopping bag and reduce using plastic bags. The price of plastic bags are still considered too cheap and should be increased. Green marketing process that has significance influence towarads green behavior are know your customer, empowering customer and reassure the buyer. Keywords: green marketing, green behavio

PEMANFAATAN FRAMEWORK LARAVEL DALAM PEMBANGUNAN APLIKASI E-TRAVEL BERBASIS WEBSITE

Saat ini telah banyak dibangun sistem informasi yang bersifat real time dan online, yang memungkinkan seseorang dapat mengaksesnya darimana saja dan mendapatkan informasi terkini. Persaingan bisnis diberbagai sektor usaha didukung dengan perkembangan teknologi informasi yang sangat pesat. Bisnis jasa yang mengutamakan pelayanan seperti usaha travel merupakan salah satu bisnis yang mememerlukan bantuan teknologi informasi yang tepat, karena usaha ini membutuhkan mobilitas yang tinggi, distribusi informasi yang cepat, pelayanan konsumen yang cepat, serta komunikasi antar cabang atau kota yang real time. Untuk membuat aplikasi travel online tentu saja dibutuhkan bahasa pemrograman yang mensupport website seperti PHP, ASP.NET dan lain sebagainya. Solusi untuk itu adalah dengan menggunakan Framework PHP terbaru yang bernama Laravel, Framework ini membantu kinerja para pengembang website menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien daripada menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP statis. Framework laravel tersebut telah mensupport MVC dan berorientasi object dan mendukung semua database. Kata Kunci : Framework, Laravel, PHP, Aplikasi Travel

Sero-epidemiology of Toxocara canis infection in children attending four selected health facilities in the central region of Ghana

Objective: The study determined the seroprevalence of Toxocara canis infection among children attending four selected health facilities in the Central Region of Ghana.Design: Cross-sectional studyMethod: Sera from 566 children aged 1-15 years attending four selected health facilities in the Central Region of Ghana between July and September 2012 was used in a Toxocara excretory-secretory antigenbased ELISA to detect serum IgG. A short questionnaire was designed to obtain data on respondents as to age, gender, educational level, locality of residence, habits of washing of fruits, vegetable and hands before eating, keeping of pet (dogs or cats) , and history of playing with soil and pets. Clinical information was also collected. Associations between sero-positivity and age group, gender, risk factors, educational level and other variables were determined by Chi square test.Results: The overall sero-prevalence was 53.5% (n=566). Age, educational level and hospital visited were significantly associated with sero-positivity (p< 0.05). Children with history of playing with soil (χ2=9.03, p=0.003), pet-keeping (χ2=14.77, p=0.001) and not washing hands with soap before eating (χ2=5.82, p=0.016) were significantly associated with sero-positivity.Conclusion: The sero-prevalence of T. canis infection in children in the study was high. The children should be educated to desist from risk factors such as playing with soil and pets and be encouraged to ensure proper personal hygiene.Keywords: Seroprevalence, Toxocariasis, risk factors, children, Ghan

Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock from the Coastal Savannah zone of Ghana

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are major causes of diarrhoea in developing countries including Ghana, however, nothing is known about the species and subtypes of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in farmers and their ruminant livestock in this country. A total of 925 faecal samples from humans (n = 95), cattle (n = 328), sheep (n = 217) and goats (n = 285), were screened for Cryptosporidium and Giardia by quantitative PCR (qPCR) at the 18S rRNA and glutamate dehydrogenase (gdh) loci respectively. Cryptosporidium positives were typed by sequence analysis of 18S and 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) loci amplicons. Giardia positives were typed at the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi), beta-giardin (bg) and gdh loci. The prevalence of Cryptosporidium and Giardia by qPCR was 8.4% and 10.5% in humans, 26.5% and 8.5% in cattle, 34.1% and 12.9% in sheep, and 33.3% and 12.3% in goat faecal samples, respectively. G. duodenalis assemblages A and B were detected in humans and assemblage E was detected in livestock. Cryptosporidium parvum was the only species identified in humans; C. andersoni, C. bovis, C. ryanae and C. ubiquitum were identified in cattle; C. xiaoi, C. ubiquitum and C. bovis in sheep; and C. xiaoi, C. baileyi and C. parvum in goats. This is the first molecular study of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in livestock in Ghana. The identification of zoonotic species and the identification of C. parvum subtype IIcA5G3q in livestock, which has previously been identified in children in Ghana, suggests potential zoonotic transmission. Further studies on larger numbers of human and animal samples, and on younger livestock are required to better understand the epidemiology and transmission of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in Ghana

Red palm oil bean-stew improved serum vitamin A and haemoglobin concentrations and anthropometric indicators of school children with low vitamin A concentrations in a malaria-endemic setting

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD), anaemia, and parasitic infections are among the major nutritional and health problems confronting Ghanaian school children. This study assessed the impact of red palm oil bean-stew consumption on serum retinol and haemoglobin concentrations of Ghanaian school children in a malaria-endemic setting. The design was a pre-post nutrition intervention study. It involved 142 6-12 year-old children. Participants were selected by simple random sampling. After baseline sample and data collection, the participants consumed red palm oil bean-stew with gari (made from fermented, grated cassava flour), three times a week for a period of six months. Final biological samples and data were collected as at baseline. Dietary data were collected using Food Frequency Questionnaires and the 24-hour recall procedure. Serum retinol was measured with High Performance Liquid Chromatography and haemoglobin by Haemocue Haemoglobinometer. Malaria parasitaemia and hookworms were examined by microscopy from blood films and stool samples using the Giemsastaining and Kato-Katz techniques, respectively. Data were analysed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences version-23. Mean values for outcome variables were compared between baseline and final using paired t-tests. Results indicated that majority of the participants (82.4%) consumed cereals. Many of them also (98.6%) never consumed dairy or dairy products. Mean serum retinol concentration was 12.1 ± 6.6μg/dl during baseline and 16.2 ± 6.4μg/dl at final, the difference significant at p<0.05. The mean haemoglobin concentration at baseline was 119.4 ± 10.6 g/l and 126.0 ± 9.34g/l at final, with a significant difference at p<0.05. The prevalence of VAD defined as serum retinol concentration <20μg/dl was 76.2% at the end of the study being significantly different from that at baseline (93.6%), p<0.05. Prevalence of anaemia was 30.3% and 11.3% at baseline and final, respectively with a significant difference at p<0.05. Malaria parasitaemia was prevalent: 67.6 % at baseline and 62.7% at the end of the study. Only one participant (0.01%) was found with hookworm infestation. For participants with VAD, 48.3% and 36.2% improved to moderate and normal vitamin A status, respectively at the end of the study. The prevalence of anaemia among VAD participants was 36.2 % at baseline and 12.1 % at final. In conclusion, red palm oil beanstew consumption increased the haemoglobin concentration and minimized prevalence of anaemia among the study participants. It also increased serum retinol concentrations and minimized the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (especially severe vitamin A deficiency) among the study participants.Keywords: Red palm oil, Vitamin A, Haemoglobin, School children, Malaria, Parasitaemi

Nonlinear Photonic Crystal for All-optical Switching Appli

An all-optical switching device is a crucial component for developing high speed data transmission and signal processing in telecommunication network. The device is based on nonlinear optical material, whose refractive index depends on light intensity. Recently, photonic crystals have been considerable interest both theoretically and experimentally for optical switching devices. Due to the practical reason, we studied one-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal for all-optical switching devices. We use transfer matrix method and nonlinear coupled mode equation to determine photonic bandgap and optical switching process. We applied them to different structures: nonlinear Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) and nonlinear photonic crystals which has similar linear refractive index but has opposite sign of nonlinear refractive index. By using an appropriate combination of refractive indices, it was found that the first structure can be used for all-optical switching at telecommunication wavelength (1.55 m). The second structure can be used both for all-optical switching and optical limiter at the wavelength of 1 m

VARIABILITY ANALYSIS OF SIGNIFICANT WAVE HEIGHTS AND WIND WAVES IN RIAU ARCHIPELAGO SEA PART ALKI 1

The Riau Archipelago Sea is part of the Indonesian Archipelago Sea Lane (ALKI) 1, with a very high intensity of crossing ships. Analysis of surface wind speed and significant wave height is the most important for the safety and performance of offshore shipping. This research aims to study wave characteristics and wind speed by identifying the main factors that affect significant wave height  and surface wind speed. Dominant factors that affect significant wave height and wind speed are needed to decide on the safest path and the best time before crossing in ALKI-1. Temporal and spatial analysis of the seasonal variability of significant wave height and wind speed using ECMWF data for 18 years. The data used are significant wave height data and wind speed every 6 hours during the period 2000 – 2018. Three observation points are used for temporal analysis, it is found that significant wave height and wind speed are influenced by two main factors, namely MJO and Monsoon. Maximum significant wave height and wind speed that occurs in the SON period for points 3 and the DJF period at points 1 and 2. MJO affects directly from phases one to eight for observation points 1, 2, and 3. The 4, 7, and 8 MJO phases affect the value of wave height and wave speed significantly, and the 1, 2, and 5 MJO phases affect wave height and wind speed weakly. Keywords: ALKI 1, MJO, MJO phase, Monsoon, Significant wave height, Wind speed

Sero-epidemiology of toxoplasmosis amongst pregnant women in the greater Accra region of Ghana

Objectives: To investigate Toxoplasma infection among pregnant women in relation to exposure to infection risk, age and pregnancy-related risk factors. Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 294 pregnant women attending ante-natal clinic in Accra who consented to participate. Personal and Toxoplasma infection risk related data were obtained by questionnaire interviews. Venous blood was safely drawn from each participant and spun to obtain sera.Each of the 159 randomly selected serum samples was tested for specific anti-Toxoplasma (anti-T. gondii) antibodies IgG, IgA and IgM using a commercial ELISA kit (Calbiotech Inc., CA). ELISA results were correlated with exposure to possible infection risk factorsas well as age and pregnancy-related risk factors. Results: The 159 women aged 15-40 years in their first, second and third trimesters, numbered 29, 70 and 60, respectively. An overall anti-T. gondii antibodies IgG, IgA and IgM seroprevalence of 92.5% (147/159)was recorded, with 4.1% (6/147) of them having anti- IgG only. The remaining 88.7% (141/159) had anti- Toxoplasma antibodies IgG, IgA and IgM in various combinations and consisted of 17.7% (25/141) in their first, 44.0% (62/141) in their second, and 38.3% (54/141) in their third, trimesters. Twelve women (7.6%) were seronegative for all 3 antibodies Conclusions: Seroprevalence was high among the women and exposure to contact with cats’ faeces was found to be the major T. gondii infection risk factor. Age and pregnancy-related risk factors did not have association with T. gondii infection within the limitationsof this study

Efek Jenis Pelarut pada Sifat Optik, Morfologi Permukaan dan Koefisien Waveguide Loss dari Pandu Gelombang Planar Polimer Terkonjugasi MEH-PPV

Dalam tulisan ini dilaporkan studi efek jenis pelarut pada sifat optik, morfologi permukaan dan koefisien waveguide loss gw dari pandu gelombang planar polimer MEH-PPV. Pandu gelombang planar dibuat dengan teknik spin-coating dari larutan polimer dengan pelarut toluen, kloroform dan THF. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa sifat optik dan morfologi permukaan film MEH-PPV dipengaruhi oleh jenis pelarut yang digunakan.Film dengan pelarut toluen dan kloroform mempunyai morfologi permukaan yang homogen, akibatnya nilai gw lebih kecil dari 1 dB/cm. Sedangkan pelarut THF membentuk tekstur di permukaan film MEH-PPV karena agregasi rantai polimer, sehingga nilai gw menjadi besar