Sedación y Analgesia en Colonoscopia Electiva: Propofol-fentanilo versus Propofol-Alfentanilo

ResumenJustificativa y objetivoLa sedación y la analgesia están recomendadas en la colonoscopia para propiciar la comodidad, porque son procedimientos invasivos y pueden ser dolorosos. Este estudio tuvo el objetivo de comparar las combinaciones de propofol-alfentanilo y propofol-fentanilo para la sedación y la analgesia en pacientes sometidos a la colonoscopia electiva.MétodosEstudio prospectivo y aleatorio. Participaron en el estudio 80 pacientes, ASA I-II, entre 18 y 65 años. La inducción de sedación y la analgesia fue hecha con propofol (1 mg.kg-1) y fentanilo (1 μg.kg-1) en el grupo propofol-fentanilo (PF) y con propofol (1 mg.kg-1) y alfentanilo (10 μg.kg-1) en el grupo propofol-alfentanilo (PA). Para el mantenimiento, dosis adicionales de propofol se administraron en bolos de 0,5 mg.kg-1 para obtener las puntuaciones de 3-4 en la Escala de Sedación de Ramsey (ESR). Se registraron los datos demográficos, la frecuencia cardíaca, la presión arterial promedio (PAP), la saturación de oxígeno de la hemoglobina (SpO2), los valores de la ESR, el tiempo de colonoscopia, la dosis total de propofol, las complicaciones, el tiempo de recuperación y el tiempo para el alta, como también las puntuaciones de satisfacción del colonoscopista y del paciente.ResultadosLa PAP a los 15 minutos en el Grupo PA fue significativamente mayor que en el Grupo PF (p = 0,037). La frecuencia cardíaca promedio del grupo PA fue mayor al inicio que en las mensuraciones posteriores (p = 0,012, p = 0,002). El promedio de la dosis total de propofol del Grupo PA fue significativamente mayor que la del Grupo PF (p = 0,028). El tiempo promedio de recuperación del grupo PA fue significativamente mayor que el del grupo PF (p = 0,032).ConclusionesEl Fentanilo proporciona mejores condiciones de operación y reduce la necesidad de dosis adicionales de propofol. Esas ventajas reducen el tiempo de recuperación. Por tanto, el propofol-fentanilo es superior al propofol-alfentanilo para la sedación y la analgesia en la colonoscopia

Sedation-Analgesia in Elective Colonoscopy: Propofol-Fentanyl Versus Propofol-Alfentanil

AbstractBackground and objectivesSedation-analgesia is recommended for comfortable colonoscopy procedures, which are invasive and can be painful. This study aimed to compare the combinations of propofol-alfentanil and propofol-fentanyl for sedation-analgesia in elective colonoscopy patients.MethodsThis prospective and randomized study was planned in ASA I-II groups and included 80 patients between the ages of 18 and 65 years. Sedation-analgesia induction was performed as 1μg.kg-1 fentanyl, 1mg.kg-1 propofol in the propofol-fentanyl group (Group PF) and 10μg.kg-1 alfentanil, 1mg.kg-1 propofol in the propofol-alfentanil group (Group PA). Patients’ scores were limited to 3-4 values on the Ramsey Sedation Scale (RSS) by 0.5mg.kg-1 bolus additional doses of propofol in sedation-analgesia maintenance. We recorded demographical data, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2), RSS value, colonoscopy time, total dose of propofol, complications, recovery time, and discharge time, as well as colonoscopist and patient satisfaction scores.ResultsMAP at the 15th minute in Group PA was significantly higher than in Group PF (p = 0.037). Group PA's beginning mean heart rate was higher than the mean heart rate at subsequent readings (p = 0.012, p = 0.002). The mean total propofol dose of Group PA was significantly higher than the total dose of Group PF (p = 0.028). The mean recovery time of Group PA was significantly longer than that of Group PF (p = 0.032).ConclusionFentanyl provides better operative conditions and reduces the need for additional propofol doses. These advantages cause a shorter recovery time. Therefore, propofol-fentanyl is superior to the propofol-alfentanil for sedation-analgesia in colonoscopy

BİR OLGU EŞLİĞİNDE GLOMUS TÜMÖRLERİNİN FİZİK MUAYENE VE RADYOLOJİK DEĞERLENDİRMESİ

Glomus tümörleri, nadir görülen mezenkimal tümörlerdir. Bening tümörler olmasına rağmen yoğun lokal ağrıya neden olurlar. Vücudun herhangi bir yerinde görülebilir. Fakat en sık olarak üst ekstremitede özellikle subungual bölgelerde oluşurlar. Nadir görülmeleri ve çok küçük olmaları nedeniyle uzun yıllar tanı konulamayabilir veya yanlış tanılarla takip edilebilirler. Bu olgu raporunda baş parmağında uzun süredir geceleri artan ağrı ve soğuk intoleransı şikayetleriyle polikliniğe gelen 34 yaşındaki kadın hastanın sonuçları sunulmaktadır. Hastada yapılan klinik muayene, röntgen ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleme sonuçları baş parmak subungal yerleşimli Glomus tümörü ön tanısını düşündürmüştür. Lezyonun patolojik tanısı için eksizyonu gerekmiştir. Cerrahi eksizyon sonrasında glomus tümörü tanısı kesinleşmiş ve hastanın şikayetleri ortadan kalkmıştır. Glomus tümöründe tedavide gecikmeyi önlemek için tanı konusunda farkındalığa ihtiyaç vardır. Doğru tanı sonrasında cerrahi eksizyon en etkili tedavi yöntemdir. Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme doğru tanı konulmasında, preoperatif dönemde cerraha yol göstermesi, postoperatif dönemde rekürrensin değerlendirilmesinde diğer görüntüleme yöntemlerine göre üstündür

Yoğun bakım ünitesinde ventilatör ilişkili pnömoniyi önlemede Glutamin destekli total parenteral beslenme

Amaç: Ventilatör ilişkili pnömoni (VAP), mortalite ve morbiditeyi artıran, hastanede kalış süresini uzatan ve hastane giderlerini artıran bir nazokomial pnömoni formudur. Glutamin intestinal mukozal yapıyı korur, immün fonksiyonları artırır ve total parenteral beslenme (TPN) uygulanan hastalarda zararlı değişiklikleri azaltır. Biz yoğun bakım ünitesinde (YBÜ) mekanik ventilatör desteği alan hastalarda VAP gelişiminin glutamin destekli TPN ile önlenebileceği hipotezini kurduk. Materyal ve Metodlar: Çalışmamızda etik kurul onayı ve bilgilendirilmiş onam alındıktan sonra YBÜ’nde mekanik ventilatör desteği alan 60 hasta takip edildi. Hastalar 3 gruba ayrıldı. İlk grup enteral beslenme (n=20) alırken, ikinci gruba TPN (n=20), üçüncü gruba ise glutamin destekli TPN (n=20) başlandı. C-reaktif protein (CRP), sedimentasyon hızı, vücut ısısı, pürülan sekresyon gelişip gelişmediği, sekresyon miktarında artış olup olmadığı, sekresyonların karakterinde değişiklik ve derin trakeal aspirasyon ihtiyacında artış olup olmadığı günlük muayeneler ve radyografi ile takip edildi. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında VAP gelişim açısından istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark bulunmadı (p=0.622). Sonuç: Glutamin destekli TPN alan grupta daha az oranda VAP gelişmesine rağmen, gruplar arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı değildi. Glutamin destekli TPN, VAP gelişimini önlemede glutaminsiz TPN ve enteral beslenmeden üstün değildir.Objective: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a form of nosocomial pneumonia that increases patient morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs. Glutamine preserves the intestinal mucosal structure, increases immune function, and reduces harmful changes in gut permeability in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We hypothesized that TPN supplemented by glutamine might prevent the development of VAP in patients on mechanical ventilator support in the intensive care unit (ICU). Material and Methods: With the approval of the ethics committee and informed consent from relatives, 60 patients who were followed in the ICU with mechanical ventilator support were included in our study. Patients were divided into three groups. The first group received enteral nutrition (n=20), and the second was prescribed TPN (n=20) while the third group was given glutamine-supplemented TPN (n=20). C-reactive protein (CRP), sedimentation rate, body temperature, development of purulent secretions, increase in the amount of secretions, changes in the characteristics of secretions and an increase in requirement of deep tracheal aspiration were monitored for seven days by daily examination and radiographs. Results: No statistically significant difference was found among groups in terms of development of VAP (p=0.622). Conclusion: Although VAP developed at a lower rate in the glutamine-supplemented TPN group, no statistically significant difference was found among any of the groups. Glutamine-supplemented TPN may have no superiority over unsupplemented enteral and TPN in preventing VAP

Glutamine Supplemented Parenteral Nutrition to Prevent Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit

Objective: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a form of nosocomial pneumonia that increases patient morbidity and mortality, length of hospital stay, and healthcare costs. Glutamine preserves the intestinal mucosal structure, increases immune function, and reduces harmful changes in gut permeability in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). We hypothesized that TPN supplemented by glutamine might prevent the development of VAP in patients on mechanical ventilator support in the intensive care unit (ICU). Material and Methods: With the approval of the ethics committee and informed consent from relatives, 60 patients who were followed in the ICU with mechanical ventilator support were included in our study. Patients were divided into three groups. The first group received enteral nutrition (n=20), and the second was prescribed TPN (n=20) while the third group was given glutamine-supplemented TPN (n=20). C-reactive protein (CRP), sedimentation rate, body temperature, development of purulent secretions, increase in the amount of secretions, changes in the characteristics of secretions and an increase in requirement of deep tracheal aspiration were monitored for seven days by daily examination and radiographs. Results: No statistically significant difference was found among groups in terms of development of VAP (p=0.622). Conclusion: Although VAP developed at a lower rate in the glutamine-supplemented TPN group, no statistically significant difference was found among any of the groups. Glutamine-supplemented TPN may have no superiority over unsupplemented enteral and TPN in preventing VAP

Sedação e analgesia em colonoscopia eletiva: propofol-fentanil versus propofol-alfentanil

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVO: Sedação e analgesia são recomendadas em colonoscopia para propiciar conforto, pois são procedimentos invasivos e podem ser dolorosos. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar as combinações de propofol-alfentanil e propofol-fentanil para sedação e analgesia em pacientes submetidos à colonoscopia eletiva. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo e randomizado. Participaram do estudo 80 pacientes, ASA I-II, entre 18 e 65 anos. A indução de sedação e a analgesia foram feitas com propofol (1 mg.kg-1) e fentanil (1 µg.kg-1) no grupo propofol-fentanil (PF) e com propofol (1 mg.kg-1) e alfentanil (10 µg.kg-1) no grupo propofol-alfentanil (PA). Para manutenção, doses adicionais de propofol foram administradas em bolus de 0,5 mg.kg-1 para obter escores de 3-4 na Escala de Sedação de Ramsey (ESR). Registrados os dados demográficos, a frequência cardíaca, a pressão arterial média (PAM), a saturação de oxigênio da hemoglobina (SpO2), os valores da ESR, o tempo de colonoscopia, a dose total de propofol, as complicações, o tempo de recuperação e o tempo para alta, bem como os escores de satisfação do colonoscopista e do paciente. RESULTADOS: A PAM aos 15 minutos no Grupo PA foi significativamente maior do que no Grupo PF (p = 0,037). A frequência cardíaca média do grupo PA foi maior no início do que nas mensurações subsequentes (p = 0,012, p = 0,002). A média da dose total de propofol do Grupo PA foi significativamente maior do que a do Grupo PF (p = 0,028). O tempo médio de recuperação do grupo PA foi significativamente maior do que o do grupo PF (p = 0,032). CONCLUSÃO: Fentanil proporciona melhores condições de operação e reduz a necessidade de doses adicionais de propofol. Essas vantagens diminuem o tempo de recuperação. Portanto, propofol-fentanil é superior ao propofol-alfentanil para sedação e analgesia em colonoscopia

Characteristics of pediatric multiple sclerosis: The Turkish pediatric multiple sclerosis database

Objective To document the clinical and paraclinical features of pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) in Turkey. Methods Data of MS patients with onset before age 18 years (n = 193) were collected from 27 pediatric neurology centers throughout Turkey. Earlier-onset (<12 years) and later-onset (?12 years) groups were compared. Results There were 123 (63.7%) girls and 70 (36.3%) boys aged 4–17 years, median 14 years at disease onset. Family history of MS was 6.5%. The first presentation was polysymptomatic in 55.4% of patients, with brainstem syndromes (50.3%), sensory disturbances (44%), motor symptoms (33.2%), and optic neuritis (26.4%) as common initial manifestations. Nineteen children had facial paralysis and 10 had epileptic seizures at first attack; 21 (11%) were initially diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). Oligoclonal bands were identified in 68% of patients. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed periventricular (96%), cortical/juxtacortical (64.2%), brainstem (63%), cerebellum (51.4%), and spinal cord (67%) involvement. Visual evoked potentials (VEP) were abnormal in 52%; serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were low in 68.5% of patients. The earlier-onset group had a higher rate of infection/vaccination preceding initial attack, initial diagnosis of ADEM, longer interval between first 2 attacks, and more disability accumulating in the first 3 years of the disease. Conclusion Brainstem and cerebellum are common sites of clinical and radiological involvement in pediatric-onset MS. VEP abnormalities are frequent even in patients without history of optic neuropathy. Vitamin D status does not appear to affect the course in early disease. MS beginning before 12 years of age has certain characteristics in history and course