Öğretmen adaylarının matematik kaygısı ile bilgibilimsel inançları arasındaki ilişki üzerine bir çalışma.

There is dearth of literature on the relationship between epistemological beliefs and mathematics anxiety levels at the national level. It is important from to analyze the relationship between the two variables which are effective on student teachers’ performance of mathematics as other disciplines. The aim of the study is to explore the relationship between mathematics student teachers’ epistemological beliefs and anxiety levels considering all the sub-dimensions of the variables. The study uses the quantitative paradigm and the correlational model. The sample of the study comprised of the 547 student teachers trained in Selcuk and Marmara Universities. The data collection tools are ‘epistemological beliefs scale’, ‘mathematics anxiety scale’ and personal information form. Statistical analyses were made using descriptive statistics, Pearson Product correlation and chi-square formulas. Most of the correlations between all dimensions of the two variables showed statistically meaningful relationships. The statistically meaningful and slightly below average correlations are among the noteworthy findings of the study whose reasons and implications are discussed in the paper.Ülkemizde bilgibilimsel inançlar ve kaygı arasındaki ilişkiyi araştıran hiçbir çalışmaya rastlanmamıştır. İki değişken arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak öğretmen adaylarının matematikte ve diğer disiplinlerde ki performansları üzerine etkisi açısından önemlidir. Araştırmanın amacı, ilköğretim ve ortaöğretim matematik bölümü öğrencilerinin bilgibilimsel inançları ile matematik kaygıları arasındaki ilişkiyi her iki değişkenin bütün alt boyutları hesaba katılarak araştırmak olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada nicel paradigma ve ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, 2007-2008 öğretim yılında Selçuk ve Marmara Üniversitesi'nde öğrenim görmekte olan 547 öğretmen adayı oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak 'Bilgibilimsel İnançlar Ölçeği', 'Matematik Kaygısı Ölçeği" ve "Kişisel Bilgi Formu"; veri analizi için ise betimleyici istatistiklerin yanı sıra Pearson ve Ki-kare korelasyon formülleri kullanılmıştır. Bilgibilim ölçeğinin bütün alt boyutları ile matematik kaygı ölçeğinin kendisi ve alt boyutları arasında hesaplanan katsayıların çoğu istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ilişki göstermektedir. Öğrenmenin yeteneğe bağlı olduğuna olan inanç ile matematik kaygısı alt boyutları arasında bulunan orta seviyeye yakın ilişkiler manidar bulunmuş ve bunun sebepleri tartışılmıştır

Monitoring the performance of petrochemical organizations in Saudi Arabia using data envelopment analysis

The petrochemical industry plays a crucial role in the economy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Therefore, the effectiveness and efficiency of this industry is of high importance. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is found to be more acceptable in measuring the effectiveness of various industries when used in conjunction with non-parametric methods such as multiple regression, analytical hierarchy process (AHP), multidimensional scaling (MDS), and other multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) approaches. In this study, ten petrochemical companies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia are evaluated using Banker, Charnes and Cooper (BCC)/Charnes, Cooper, and Rhodes (CCR) models of DEA to compute the technical and super-efficiencies for ranking according to their relative performances. Data were collected from the Saudi Stock Exchange on key financial performance measures, five of which were chosen as inputs and five as outputs. Five DEA models were developed using different input–output combinations. The efficiency plots obtained from DEA were compared with the Euclidean distance scatter plot obtained from MDS. The dimensionality of MDS plots was derived from the DEA output. It was found that the two-dimensional positioning of the companies was congruent in both plots, thus validating the DEA results

KONYA YERALTI SUYUNDA KLORLU BENZENLERİN GC/ECD İLE ANALİZİ

Contamination of groundwater with volatile organic compounds such as chlorinated benzenes is an important environmental pollution problem. Therefore monitoring these substances in groundwater is necessary for determination of water contamination. Chlorinated benzenes are found relatively in low concentrations in surface waters compared with ground waters because of their volatility. In this study Bromobenzene and chlorinated benzenes such as 1,3-Diklorobenzen, 1,4-Diklorobenzen, 1,2-Diklorobenzen, 1,2,4-Triklorobenzen, 1,2,3-Triklorobenzene in groundwater were determined by the micro extraction method (EPA method 504). The monitoring of chlorinated benzenes in well and spring water which supply the drinking water for Konya was carried out. In the study, it was determined that chlorinated benzenes was below the concentration limited by EPA and WHOUçucu organik bileşiklerden olan klorlu benzenler tarafından yeraltı suyunun kirlenmesi oldukça önemli bir çevre problemidir. Bu nedenle benzen bileşiklerinden kaynaklanan kirlenmenin tespiti için belirli periyotlarla yeraltı suyunun izlenmesi gereklidir. Klorlu benzen bileşikleri; uçucu olmaları nedeniyle, yeraltı sularında yüzey sularından daha yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada; Bromobenzen ve klorlubenzen bileşiklerinden; 1,3-Diklorobenzen, 1,4-Diklorobenzen, 1,2-Diklorobenzen, 1,2,4-Triklorobenzen, 1,2,3-Triklorobenze’nin yeraltı sularında konsantrasyonlarının tespiti için EPA metod 504. mikro ekstraksiyon yöntemi modifiye edilerek kullanılmıştır. Konya şehrine içme suyu sağlayan kuyu ve memba sularında klorlu benzenler izlenmiştir. Çalışmada klorlu benzenlerin EPA ve WHO tarafından öngörülen limit değerlerin altında olduğu tespit edilmiştir

Levels of Organochlorine Pesticides and Heavy Metals in Surface Waters of Konya Closed Basin, Turkey

The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), including α-, β-, γ-, and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, endrin aldehyde, endrin ketone, endosulfan I, endosulfan II, endosulfan sulfate, p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT, methoxychlor, chlordane I, chlordane II, and heavy metals, such as As, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni in surface water samples from the Konya closed basin were determined to evaluate the level of contamination. Among all HCH isomers, β-HCH is the main isomer with a concentration range of 0.015–0.065 μg/L. DDE, DDD, and DDT were almost determined in all samples, in which DDE isomer had the highest concentration ranged from not detected to 0.037 μg/L. In all studied OCPs, aldrin showed the highest concentration at 0.220 μg/L. The concentrations of heavy metals in water samples were observed with order: Mn < Cu < Ni < As < Cr < Fe. In some samples, As, Fe, and Cr concentrations exceeded the drinking water quality recommended by EU, US EPA, WHO, and Turkish Regulation, while Cu, Ni, and Mn concentrations are below the guideline values. The levels of both OCPs and heavy metals were also compared with other previously published data

KONYA YERALTISUYUNDA DEZENFEKSİYON YAN ÜRÜNLERİ

As a result of disinfection, the reactions between the chlorine and organic substances increased the formation of chlorination by-products. Since chlorination by-products are classified as potential carcinogenic by EPA, they are of importance for human health. The monitoring of these substances is needed because of the fact that they are of carcinogenic. In this study, the monitoring of THM in ground water of Konya City is aimed for one year and the initial data obtained are presented. In order to determine the THM, micro-extraction was performed. The method is optimized by using different solvents and GC conditions. Optimized method was used to measure THM in the selected sampling points (springs and wells). Water quality parameters (i.e., TOC, bromide and temperature) were also measured. THM data is compared with EPA standards.Dezenfeksiyon işlemi sonucunda klor ile organik madde arasındaki reaksiyonlar dezenfeksiyon yan ürünlerinin oluşumunu arttırmaktadır. Klorlanmış sularda bulunabilen dezenfeksiyon yan ürünleri EPA tarafından potansiyel kanserojen olarak sınıflandırıldığı için insan sağlığı için öneme sahiptir. Kanserojen etkiye sahip olmasından dolayı bu tür bileşiklerin içme sularında izlenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Konya şehri yeraltı sularındaki trihalometanların (THM) bir yıl süre ile izlenmesi amaçlanmış ve elde edilen ilk veriler sunulmuştur. THM tayini için mikro – ekstraksiyon metodu uygulanmış, farklı solventler ve GC şartları denenerek optimum tayin yöntemi geliştirilmiştir. Optimize edilen metot kullanılarak, Konya’nın pınar ve kuyularından seçilen örnek noktalarındaki THM konsantrasyonu belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, aynı örnek noktaları için toplam organik karbon (TOK), bromür ve sıcaklık incelenmiştir. THM sonuçları EPA standartları ile karşılaştırılmıştır

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P &lt; 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication