STUDY OF SIGNIFICANCE OF PHASE MASK IMAGE IN ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS

Background: Phase images contains information regarding local susceptibility changes between the tissues, which can help measure the iron and other content which changes the local field. Typically, this information is ignored before looking at console. Susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance (MR) technique detects an early hemorrhagic transformation within the infarct to provide insight into cerebral hemodynamics following the stroke. Objective: Significance of “phase mask imaging in differentiation of hemorrhage and calcifications†in acute stroke patients. Methods: An observational non-interventional study carried out on 100 patients with stroke and headache symptoms. MRI Brain Stroke Profile with FLAIR, DWI, ADC, SWAN, and Phase mask sequences, done on 3T GE MRI scanner. Results: All patients underwent MRI study with SWI sequence. Of 183 cases, 33%(n=60) patients had microbleeds, 5%(n=10) patients had granulomas, 32%(n=58) patients had arterial thrombus with infarct, 11%(n=20) patients had falx calcifications, 11%(n=20) patients had intraparenchymal haemorrhage, and 8%(n=15) patients had infarcts with haemorrhagic transformation. The sensitivity of phase imaging in the detection of calcification was 90%. Conclusion: Phase mask imaging plays an important role to detect intracranial calcifications and chronic microbleeds. Phase mask imaging acts as a supplement tool in acute stroke patients, which guides further management

Anatomical variations of posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) on digital subtraction angiography (DSA)

Introduction: The posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) often exhibits anatomical variations at the craniovertebral junction. Few studies investigated variations of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and the prevalence of other variations has not been reported. The study aimed to identify variations of the posterior inferior cerebral artery using cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA). Method: 50 patients underwent 64-slice cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography. Four types of variations were observed. Results: Out of a total of 50 patients, 23 (46%) were males and 27 (54%) females (all age groups). Our study has shown the utility of the 2 sequences - fluoroscopy and cine. All 2 sequences have their significance in evaluating anatomical variations in PICA. Only 20% of the 50 patients had all the posterior inferior cerebellar artery without anatomical variations. Anatomic variations commonly involve the distal segment of the vertebral artery (VA). Most of them are seen arising from the C1, C2, and both C1 and C2 origins. Anatomic variations involve arising from the C1 origin in 9 patients, C2 origin in 11 patients, C1 & C2 origin in 8 patients, and other variations observed in 12 patients. Conclusion: Variations of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery can be easily evaluated by cerebral Digital Subtraction Angiography (CDSA). Recognizing and reporting them at cerebral CDSA may be clinically important. Surgeons should be mindful of this variation during operations

Role of Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Evaluation of Prostatic Pathologies on 3 Tesla Machine

Background and objectives: Prostate diseases, with an overall incidence of 9%, are the leading cause affecting millions of males worldwide, with prostate cancer being the primary cause of death in males and benign prostatic hypertrophy being the primary cause of morbidity in the older age group. In light of this, we aimed to evaluate the utility of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in evaluating and characterising prostatic pathologies and grading prostatic cancer using PIRADS v2. Methods: This was a study carried out on 50 patients with the age group ranging from 50 to 90 years with clinical suspicion or ultrasonographically demonstrable prostatic pathology and correlation of multiparametric MRI findings on various sequences with clinical features and histopathological findings and classification into groups of benign and malignant prostatic lesions and according to the PIRADS v2 scoring. Results: Out of our study group, 4 cases were diagnosed with prostatitis and prostatic abscess, and 46 cases were categorized into PI-RADS, out of which most cases were classified into PI-RADS category V, followed by PI-RADS II and III. These were then evaluated with MR spectroscopy, of which 30 cases showed choline peak, and 16 cases showed citrate peak. The sensitivity and specificity for multiparametric MRI sequences combination detect prostate carcinoma was calculated, and the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) & Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was found as 76% and 92%, respectively. Conclusion: Based on our findings, we found out that the multiparametric MRI approach gives a wealth of practical information that has dramatically enhanced the detection and characterization of prostatic lesions. We also found that morphological and functional sequencing improves the sensitivity and specificity of the lesions' identification and characterization