Drinking Water Quality and Public Health of Selected Towns in SouthWestern Nigeria

database in the study area where none existed previously. Groundwater samples from bore-holes, hand-pump, and hand-dug wells of four densely populated towns in South- WesternNigeria were analyzed in respect to physicochemical factors, biological factors, and the metals Nickel (Ni), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), and Iron (Fe) for six consecutive months from September 2012 to February 2013 to give mean values for each town and water source. Total aerobic plate, total coliform bacteria, and Escherichia coli (E. coli)were detected in most of thewater samples from the different towns and sources considered. Except for total suspended solids and total solids, the physicochemical parameters of all the samples were within permissible limits. The concentrations Pb, Ni, Cr, and Cd were above the minimum permissible limits. The presence of coliforms and E. coli in the groundwater samples indicates fecal contamination. The microorganisms isolated in this study include Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Citrobacter, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas,Bacillus, and Micrococcus species. The analysis of variance of data obtained from this study shows that bore-hole water samples were safer for drinking that water samples from hand-pump, and hand dug wells across the communitie

Mycomeat Production through the Solid State Fermentation of Soymilk Waste by Lentinus Subnudus

Lentinus subnudus was cultured on soy milk waste with the view of using it to produce edible mycomeat. The solid state fermentation of soymilk waste was done singly without any additive. The basal substrate was then variously constituted with 5 g/l each of sucrose, citric acid and yeast extract. The set-ups were incubated in the dark and monitored daily until full ramification was obtained. The best mycomeat obtained within the shortest time frame was oven dried at 600C and then blended to powder. The pH, proximate and mineral composition of the mycomeat was determined. L. subnudus grown on soymilk wastes took only 11 days in which the resultant mycomeat of L. subnudus was found to be meaty-like in appearance and aroma. Oven-dried samples became coarse in texture with a pH of 3.91. Proximate analysis of the mycomeat showed 2.13% moisture content, 14.44% crude protein, 51.8% carbohydrate 9.56% crude fibre, 15.82% ether extract and 5.75% ash content. The percentage mineral composition revealed it to contain; Ca2+ (0.62±0.02), Mg2+ (0.03±0.01), K+ (0.06±0.01) Na+ (15.90±0.30), Mn2+ (8.20±0.04), Fe 2+ (19.22±0.21), CU2+ (2.74±0.02) , Zn2+ (7.17±0.01) Mo2+ (0.05±0.01) and Vitamin C (0.24±0.01). The resultant mycomeat represents a viable source of nutraceuticals . Keywords: Mycomeat, Lentinus subnudus, soymilk waste, mineral composition, proximate analysis

Microbial assessment and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in polluted Oluwa River, Nigeria

Antibiotics are emerging environmental contaminants, causing both short-term andlong-term alterations of natural microbial communities due to their high biological activities. The antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria from anthropogenic polluted Oluwa River, Nigeria was carried out. Microbial profiling and antibiotic sensitivity tests were carried out on water andsediment samples using 13 different antibiotics. Microorganisms isolated include those in the generaBacillus, Micrococcus,Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, ProteusandStaphylococcus. The microbialcount of isolates from water samples ranged between 94.10·102Cfu/100 ml and156.20·102Cfu/100 ml while that of sediment samples ranged from 2.55·104Cfu g�1to14.30·104Cfu g�1. From the water isolates, 100% resistance to antibiotics was found inMicrococ-cusspp. andPseudomonasspp. while anotherMicrococcus, Streptococcus, StaphylococcusandBacillusspp. showed between 40% and 90% resistances. From the sediment isolates, 100%resistance to antibiotics was found in aBacillusspp. andPseudomonasspp. while anotherBacillus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, StreptococcusandProteusspp. showed between 70% and 90%resistances. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was shown by all the isolates and Bacillus, Micrococcus and Pseudomonasspp. showed the highest resistances (100%) to all antibiotics. Thus,Oluwa River is not safe for public consumptio

Effects of Varying Levels of Leucaena Leucocephala Leaf Meal Diet on the Growth Performance of Weaner Rabbit

ABSTRAC