Valorization of cocoa's mucilage waste to ethanol and subsequent direct catalytic conversion into ethylene

BACKGROUND: The identification of new resources for producing biofuels and chemical-based products is crucial for processes sustainability. This study presents a valorization route to produce ethanol and ethylene using cocoa’s mucilage juice (MJ) residue from cocoa’s farms of variety “Arriba” (AC). The processing parameters to maximize the ethanol production and subsequent selectively conversion into ethylene were determined. The ethanol production has been carried out by investigating the effect of three parameters such as the temperature of fermentation, the initial fermentation pH, and the addition of (NH4)2SO4 as an N source in presence of free Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCYC 366. Consecutively, the selectivity of ethanol-ethylene conversion using a zeolite-based ZSM-5 catalyst was evaluated at different temperatures and ethanol concentrations. RESULTS: During the ethanol production, the best sugar conversion was reached at 30 ºC, adjusting the initial pH to 5 and without nitrogen source, resulting in 86.83% of sugars conversion, the maximum ethanol concentration of 68.65 g·L-1, and maximum ethanol production rate of 2.03 g·L-1 ·h-1 after 168 hours of fermentation. On the other hand, ethylene was produced using ZSM-5 based zeolite catalyst with > 99.9 % of efficiency in the temperature range between 240 ºC to 300 ºC. In addition, selectively ethylene formation was found at 240 ºC and 30 g·L-1 of ethanol. CONCLUSIONS: The approach hereby presented shows the valorization of MJ waste of AC variety to produce ethanol and ethylene with minimum processing inputs costs, demonstrating a successful route to convert a farm residue into a bio-based product with enhanced marketability.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Efecto de la adición de ácido ascórbico en la degradación de nitratos y nitritos en mortadela / Effect of addition of ascorbic acid in the degradation of nitrate and nitrite in mortadella

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue evaluar  el efecto de la adición de ácido ascórbico (Vitamina C) para reducir la concentración de nitritos y nitratos adicionada a la mortadela como conservante. Se realizaron tres formulaciones de mortadela a las cuales se añadió tres concentraciones diferentes de ácido ascórbico (F1: 0,25 g/kg, F2: 0,50 g/kg y F3: 0,75 g/kg) y un testigo, mediante espectrofotometría UV-Visibles se cuantificó la concentración inicial y la final para comprobar la reducción de nitratos y nitritos y la formación de color y  el ácido ascórbico residual se lo cuantificó mediante voltametría. El análisis de varianza aplicado al experimento nos indicó  que si existió diferencia significativa (p˂0,05) eentre los tres  tratamientos estudiados,  se alcanzó reducciones de nitratos del 30,78 %  en la F1, 50 % en la F2 y 76 % en la F3, en este caso la reducción de nitratos y valores de nitrito formado de 0,41 mg/kg en la F1, 0,24 mg/Kg en la F2 y 0,04 mg/Kg en la F3, en la formación de nitritos. La F3 presentó el mayor % de reducción de nitratos y la menor cantidad de formación de nitritos. En conclusión la adición de ácido ascórbico a la mortadela reduce la concentración residual de nitratos al cabo de tres días, donde ya no se presentó reducción significativa de este conservante. ABSTRACTThe aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of the addition of ascorbic acid to reduce the concentration of nitrites and nitrates in mortadella. Three formulations of mortadella were tested to which three different concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.25 g / kg, F2: 0.50 g / kg and 0.75 g F3 / kg F1) were added. Through UV-visible spectrophotometry it was quantified the initial and final concentration of nitrates and nitrites and color formation, and the residual ascorbic acid was quantified by voltammetry. The analysis of variance indicated that there was significant difference (p˂0,05) among the three treatments. Nitrate reduction of 30.78% in F1, F2 50% at 76% and the values of F3 and formed nitrite 0.41 mg / kg in F1 0.24 mg / kg was achieved in F2 and 0.04 mg / kg in F3, in the formation of nitrite. F3 showed the highest percentage reduction of nitrates and the least amount of formation of nitrite. In conclusion, the addition of ascorbic acid to mortadella reduces the residual nitrate concentration after three days, where no longer significant reduction of this preservative was presented

Multimessenger NuEM Alerts with AMON

The Astrophysical Multimessenger Observatory Network (AMON), has developed a real-time multi-messenger alert system. The system performs coincidence analyses of datasets from gammaray and neutrino detectors, making the Neutrino-Electromagnetic (NuEM) alert channel. For these analyses, AMON takes advantage of sub-threshold events, i.e., events that by themselves are not significant in the individual detectors. The main purpose of this channel is to search for gamma-ray counterparts of neutrino events. We will describe the different analyses that make-up this channel and present a selection of recent results.Article signat per 380 autors/es: R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, M. Ahrens, C. Alispach, A. A. Alves Jr., N. M. Amin, R. An, K. Andeen, T. Anderson, G. Anton, C. Argüelles, Y. Ashida, S. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., A. Barbano, S. W. Barwick, B. Bastian, V. Basu, S. Baur, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, K.-H. Becker, J. Becker Tjus, C. Bellenghi, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, G. Binder, D. Bindig, E. Blaufuss, S. Blot, M. Boddenberg, F. Bontempo, J. Borowka, S. Böser, O. Botner, J. Böttcher, E. Bourbeau, F. Bradascio, J. Braun, S. Bron, J. BrosteanKaiser, S. Browne, A. Burgman, R. T. Burley, R. S. Busse, M. A. Campana, E. G. Carnie-Bronca, C. Chen, D. Chirkin, K. Choi, B. A. Clark, K. Clark, L. Classen, A. Coleman, G. H. Collin, J. M. Conrad, P. Coppin, P. Correa, D. F. Cowen, R. Cross, C. Dappen, P. Dave, C. De Clercq, J. J. DeLaunay, H. Dembinski, K. Deoskar, S. De Ridder, A. Desai, P. Desiati, K. D. de Vries, G. de Wasseige, M. de With, T. DeYoung, S. Dharani, A. Diaz, J. C. Díaz-Vélez, M. Dittmer, H. Dujmovic, M. Dunkman, M. A. DuVernois, E. Dvorak, T. Ehrhardt, P. Eller, R. Engel, H. Erpenbeck, J. Evans, P. A. Evenson, A. R. Fazely, S. Fiedlschuster, A. T. Fienberg, K. Filimonov, C. Finley, L. Fischer, D. Fox , A. Franckowiak, E. Friedman, A. Fritz, P. Fürst, T. K. Gaisser, J. Gallagher, E. Ganster, A. Garcia, S. Garrappa, L. Gerhardt, A. Ghadimi, C. Glaser, T. Glauch, T. Glüsenkamp, A. Goldschmidt, J. G. Gonzalez, S. Goswami, D. Grant, T. Grégoire, S. Griswold, M. Gündüz, C. Günther, C. Haack, A. Hallgren, R. Halliday, L. Halve, F. Halzen, M. Ha Minh, K. Hanson, J. Hardin38, A. A. Harnisch, A. Haungs, S. Hauser, D. Hebecker, K. Helbing, F. Henningsen, E. C. Hettinger, S. Hickford, J. Hignight, C. Hill, G. C. Hill, K. D. Hoffman, R. Hoffmann, T. Hoinka, B. Hokanson-Fasig, K. Hoshina, F. Huang, M. Huber, T. Huber, K. Hultqvist, M. Hünnefeld, R. Hussain, S. In, N. Iovine, A. Ishihara, M. Jansson, G. S. Japaridze, M. Jeong, B. J. P. Jones, D. Kang, W. Kang, X. Kang, A. Kappes, D. Kappesser, T. Karg, M. Karl, A. Karle, U. Katz, M. Kauer, M. Kellermann, J. L. Kelley, A. Kheirandish, K. Kin, T. Kintscher, J. Kiryluk, S. R. Klein, R. Koirala, H. Kolanoski, T. Kontrimas, L. Köpke, C. Kopper, S. Kopper, D. J. Koskinen, P. Koundal, M. Kovacevich, M. Kowalski, T. Kozynets, E. Kun, N. Kurahashi, N. Lad, C. Lagunas Gualda, J. L. Lanfranchi, M. J. Larson, F. Lauber, J. P. Lazar, J. W. Lee, K. Leonard, A. Leszczyńska, Y. Li, M. Lincetto, Q. R. Liu, M. Liubarska, E. Lohfink, C. J. Lozano Mariscal, L. Lu, F. Lucarelli, A. Ludwig, W. Luszczak, Y. Lyu, W. Y. Ma, J. Madsen, K. B. M. Mahn, Y. Makino, S. Mancina, I. C. Mariş, R. Maruyama, K. Mase, T. McElroy, F. McNally, J. V. Mead, K. Meagher, A. Medina, M. Meier, S. Meighen-Berger, J. Micallef, D. Mockler, T. Montaruli, R. W. Moore, R. Morse, M. Moulai, R. Naab, R. Nagai, U. Naumann, J. Necker, L. V. Nguyên, H. Niederhausen, S. C. Nowicki, D. R. Nygren, A. Obertacke Pollmann, M. Oehler, A. Olivas, E. O’Sullivan, H. Pandya, D. V. Pankova, N. Park, G. K. Parker, E. N. Paudel, L. Paul, C. Pérez de los Heros, L. Peters, J. Peterson, S. Philippen, D. Pieloth, S. Pieper, M. Pittermann, A. Pizzuto, M. Plum, Y. Popovych, A. Porcelli, M. Prado Rodriguez, P. B. Price, B. Pries, G. T. Przybylski, C. Raab, A. Raissi, M. Rameez, K. Rawlins, I. C. Rea, A. Rehman, P. Reichherzer, R. Reimann, G. Renzi, E. Resconi, S. Reusch, W. Rhode, M. Richman, B. Riedel, E. J. Roberts, S. Robertson , G. Roellinghoff, M. Rongen, C. Rott , T. Ruhe, D. Ryckbosch, D. Rysewyk Cantu, I. Safa, J. Saffer, S. E. Sanchez Herrera, A. Sandrock, J. Sandroos, M. Santander, S. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, K. Satalecka, M. Scharf, M. Schaufel, H. Schieler, S. Schindler, P. Schlunder, T. Schmidt, A. Schneider, J. Schneider, F. G. Schröder, L. Schumacher, G. Schwefer, S. Sclafani, D. Seckel, S. Seunarine, A. Sharma, S. Shefali, M. Silva, B. Skrzypek, B. Smithers, R. Snihur, J. Soedingrekso, D. Soldin, C. Spannfellner, G. M. Spiczak, C. Spiering, J. Stachurska, M. Stamatikos, T. Stanev, R. Stein, J. Stettner, A. Steuer, T. Stezelberger, T. Stürwald, T. Stuttard, G. W. Sullivan, I. Taboada, F. Tenholt, S. Ter-Antonyan, S. Tilav, F. Tischbein, K. Tollefson, L. Tomankova, C. Tönnis, S. Toscano, D. Tosi, A. Trettin, M. Tselengidou, C. F. Tung, A. Turcati, R. Turcotte, C. F. Turley, J. P. Twagirayezu, B. Ty, M. A. Unland Elorrieta, N. Valtonen-Mattila, J. Vandenbroucke, N. van Eijndhoven, D. Vannerom, J. van Santen, S. Verpoest, M. Vraeghe, C. Walck, T. B. Watson, C. Weaver, P. Weigel, A. Weindl, M. J. Weiss, J. Weldert, C. Wendt, J. Werthebach, M. Weyrauch, N. Whitehorn, C. H. Wiebusch, D. R. Williams, M. Wolf, K. Woschnagg, G. Wrede, J. Wulff, X. W. Xu, Y. Xu, J. P. Yanez, S. Yoshida, S. Yu, T. Yuan, Z. ZhangPostprint (published version