HEC-RAS model of Kahramanmaras domuz (bogaz) stream interception channel

Canlıların yaşam kaynağı olan su kontrol altına alınmadığı durumlarda ciddi mal ya da can kayıplarına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca küresel ısınmanın etkilerini hissettiğimiz bugünlerde suyun planlı kullanımı büyük önem taşımaktadır. Afetlerden biri olan taşkın oluşumu insan ya da doğa kaynaklı olabilir. Bir akarsu taşkın oluşturduğunda tarım arazilerine, altyapı tesislerine, insanların sosyal ve ekonomik hayatlarına, çevrede bulunan yerleşim yerlerine ciddi zararlar vermektedir. Bir ülkenin sosyo-ekonomik durumunun gelişiminde su kaynakları yönetimi önemli bir role sahiptir. Sel riskini önlemek ve ayrıca suyun kaynaktan ihtiyaç noktalarına taşınmasını sağlamak için kanallar kullanılır. Trapez, dikdörtgen, yarım daire ve üçgen şekillerde modellenen açık kanalların tasarımını HEC-RAS programında yapmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmada Kahramanmaraş ilinin Oniki şubat ilçe merkezindeki 6-7 mahallede taşkınların oluşması sonucunda maddi ve manevi kaybı önlemek amacıyla yapılan kuşaklama kanalı projesinin hesapları, HEC-RAS programı ile modellenip sonuçlar karşılaştırılmıştır. Mockus ve rasyonel metot kullanılarak bulunan sonuçlar ile HEC-RAS sonuçları arasındaki uyum incelenmiştir. Domuz (Boğaz) deresi kuşaklama kanalının; kanal boyunca meydana gelecek su derinlikleri ve hızları HEC-RAS yardımıyla hesaplanmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda proje ve model sonuçlarının birbiriyle çok uyumlu olduğu görülmüştürWater, which is the source of life for living things, causes serious loss of property or life when it is not controlled. Additionally, the planned usage of water is of great importance nowadays when we feel the effects of global warming. One of the disasters, flood formation may be human or nature-originated. When a river forms flood, it causes severe damage to agricultural land, infrastructure facilities, people's social and economic life, settlements in the environment. Water resources management plays an important role in the development of a country's socio-economic situation. Channels are used to prevent flood risk and also to ensure that the water moves from source to need. It is possible to design open channels which are modeled in trapezoid, rectangular, semi-circle and triangular shapes in HEC-RAS program. In this study, the calculations of the flood channel project were modeled by HEC-RAS program and the results were compared between project results. Aim of this project is to protect from the harm financial and emotional damage caused by flood in 6-7 streets of Kahramanmaraş province's Oniki şubat district center. The agreement between the results using Mockus and the rational method and the HEC-RAS results was examined. Domuz (Boğaz) stream interception channel; the water depths and speeds that will form along the channel were calculated with the help of HEC-RAS. As a result of the study, it was observed that the results of the Project and model are very compatible with each othe

Autonomic nervous system dysfunction and serum levels of neurotoxic and neurotrophic cytokines in patients with cobalamin deficiency

neurotrophiccytokines epidermal growth factor (EGF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a role in the pathogenesisof cobalamin (Cbl) deficiency-induced neuropathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate autonomicnervous system dysfunction and to look for any relationship between autonomic nervous systemdisturbances and serum cytokine levels (TNF

Clinical Approach to Ocular Cicatricial Pemphigoid

Objectives:To evaluate the demographic data, ocular and systemic findings, clinical management, and outcomes of patients with ocular cicatricial pemphigoid (OCP).Materials and Methods:The medical records of 11 patients diagnosed as having OCP in the ophthalmology department of Ege University between 2008 and 2021 were evaluated retrospectively.Results:The patients’ mean follow-up time was 14±5.76 months. All eyes (100%) had conjunctival involvement and 18 (81.81%) had corneal involvement. According to the Tauber staging system, 7 (31.81%), 8 (36.36%), and 7 (31.81%) of the eyes were stage 2, 3, and 4, respectively. The diagnosis was confirmed in 6 (66.66%) of 9 patients who underwent biopsy. Amniotic membrane transplantation was performed in 7 eyes, entropion surgery in 2 eyes, and electrocauterization for trichiasis in 5 eyes. Systemic involvement was observed in 45.45% (5/11) of patients, most commonly oral mucosal involvement (18.18%). Review of medical records showed that alkylating agents, steroids, and dapsone were used in patients treated before 2020. Mycophenolate mofetil was preferred to be used in combination with corticosteroids. Although treatment responses before mycophenolate mofetil usage could not be evaluated well because of loss to follow-up, 4 (66.66%) of 6 patients who received steroid treatment combined with mycophenolate mofetil showed partial or complete clinical remission. No serious side effects and drug withdrawal were observed.Conclusion:OCP is a sight-threatening autoimmune disease that affects older adults. Although positive biopsy results are valuable for diagnosis, negative results do not exclude the diagnosis. The main treatment is systemic immunosuppressives. Disease activity can be suppressed, especially with early initiation of drug therapy. These patients require a multidisciplinary approach. Especially in the presence of isolated ocular findings, ophthalmologists should be able to make the decision to start immunosuppressive treatment, and systemic treatment should not be delayed

The effects of Covid-19 on physical medicine and rehabilitation in Turkey in the first month of pandemic

Objectives: The outbreak of novel coronavirus-2019 (COVID-19) has affected Turkey very seriously, as well as all around the world. Many urgent and radical measures were taken due to the high contagious risk and mortality rate of the outbreak. It is noteworthy that isolation recommendations and the provision of health services for pandemic have a negative impact on Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) services. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of COVID-19 on the PMR services and physiatrists immediately after the first month of pandemic in Turkey. Patients and methods: An online survey consisting of 45 items was sent to the members of the Turkish Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. The main goal of the survey was to evaluate the changes in the provided service of PMR and conditions of physiatrists one month after the first reported COVID-19 case in Turkey. Results: A total of 606 PMR specialists and residents responded to the survey. The mean number of the patients visited the outpatient clinics was 148.2 +/- 128.5 per week before the pandemic, it significantly decreased to 23.4 +/- 33.1 per week after the first month of the reported first COVID-19 case. Similarly, the mean number of the patients of inpatient service significantly decreased from 21.7 +/- 39.3 per week to 2.5 +/- 10.0 per week after the first month of the pandemic. Most of the residents (69%) reported that their training was seriously affected due to pandemic. From the economic aspect, 69.2% of the participants who were working at private hospitals reported a decrease in their monthly salary, and 21% of them were sent to an unpaid vacation. A total of 21.9% of private-practice institutions paused their services. During the first month, 46.9% of the participants were assigned to the different services such as COVID-19 inpatient service, emergency or COVID-19 outpatient clinics. According to the Republic of Turkey, Ministry of Health guideline and algorithm, 15.7% of the physicians were in the category of healthcare workers with suspected COVID-19. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic affected seriously both the services and the PMR physicians as early as the first month. This effect is expected to become worse, when the duration of pandemic prolongs. Proper arrangements and measures should be planned to ameliorate the negative effects of the pandemic on the patients and PMR physicians

New Developments in Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia originates from conjunctiva epithelium and covers a broad spectrum of disease ranging from dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma. Clinical features may vary from case to case. Traditional treatment of excision with no-touch technique combined with adjuvant therapies because of high recurrence rate. Main adjuvant treatments are cryotherapy and chemotherapy. In this review, clinical forms, differential diagnosis, American Joint Committee on Cancer classification and recent approaches to the management of ocular surface squamous dysplasia were described. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2014; 44: Supplement 8-14

Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in Simple Retina Pigment Epithelium Hamartoma

To report the spectral-domain optical coherence tomographic findings in a case of a simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium. A 55-year-old female patient with simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium was evaluated with ultrasonography and spectraldomain optic coherence tomography. The patient was found to have a pitch-black lesion measuring one-half of the disk diameter, located at about 1 disk diameter temporal to the foveola. B-mode ultrasonogram revealed a 0.8-mm thick retinal lesion with high internal reflectivity which was consistent with simple hamartoma of the retinal pigment epithelium. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated an elevated lesion extending from the retinal layer toward the vitreous. The high resolution of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography allows detailed observation of the retinal pigment epithelium hamartomas and is useful in the differential diagnosis and management of pigmented fundus lesions. (Turk J Oph thal mol 2012; 42: 157-8

Astigmatizma analizinde vektöryel analiz programı

Purpose: Presentation of non-commercial software that is developed for our clinical studies and capable of making complicated calculations and graphical presentation of astigmatic changes which is free for academic purposes to our colleagues. Material and Method: A Windows based 32-bit software (Windows 95 or higher) that uses Microsoft Database (.mdb) files, was developed using Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0. Two different calculation windows were prepared for data entry of both refractive and keratometric measurements. The software was developed to calculate dioptric power, axis, with-the-rule/against-the-rule and with-the-wound/against-the-wound components, arithmetic and scalar means of induced astigmatism, coefficient of success related to targeted astigmatism (targeted induced astigmatism, error vector, correction coefficient, dioptric error and axis error), efficiency of ref-ractive measurements on corneal plane, at one step. A graphical module was developed to pre-sent these specific results. Results: The software was installed to 4 different personal computers running Windows 98 or higher operating systems and worked successfully. On average, data entry for one patient took approximately 10 seconds and all analysis results and their graphical presentations were obtained just by one click. Reliability of calculations was checked with samples from 8 essential Articles on this subject. Database file of the software was opened and edited with Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Access software. Conclusion: Vector analysis of astigmatism, which contains exclusively complicated parameter calculations, is vital part of refractive studies. This software that is presented with an opportunity of free download from our clinics' web-site is a quite useful tool that provides more time to our colleagues on interpretations of calculations instead of doing them by themselves.Amaç: Kendi kliniğimiz için geliştirdiğimiz, astigmatizmadaki değişimlere ait kompleks hesaplamalar ve grafiksel sunumun yapılabildiği ticari amacı bulunmayan, tüm meslektaşlarımızın akademik kullanımına açıkolan bir bilgisayar programının tanıtılması. Gereç-Yöntem: Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 programlama dilinde, Microsoft veritabanı dosyalarını (.mdb) kullanan, Windows tabanlı 32-bit (Windows 95 veya daha üstü) bir program geliştirildi. Verilerin hem refraksiyon, hem de keratometrik ölçüm formatında girilebilmesine olanak veren, iki farklı işlem ekranı yaratıldı. Yazılım, indüklenmiş astigmatizmanın dioptrik değeri, yönü, kurala uygun-aykırı ve yaraya uygun-aykırı bileşkeleri, aritmetik ve skalar ortalaması, hedeflenen astigmatizmaya ilişkin başarı indeksleri (hedeflenen indüklenmiş astigmatizma, hata vektörü, düzeltme katsayısı, dioptrik hata, açısal hata), refraktif ölçümlerin kornea planındaki etkinliğini tek aşamada hesaplayacak şekilde geliştirildi. Sonuçları dökümleyebilen bir grafiksel modül oluşturuldu. Sonuçlar: Windows 98 ve daha yeni işletim sistemlerinin yüklü olduğu 4 farklı bilgisayarda, program başarıyla kuruldu ve çalıştırıldı. Bir hastaya ait veri girişi ortalama 10 saniye aldı, sadece tek tuşla tüm analiz sonuçları ve grafiksel dökümleri elde edildi. Hesaplamaların güvenilirliği, vektör analizine temel olmuş 8 makalenin örnekleriyle doğrulandı. Programa ait veritabanı dosyası, Microsoft Access ve Microsoft Excel yazılımlarıyla da açıldı ve üzerinde işlem yapılabildi. Yorum: Astigmatizmada vektör analizi, her biri son derece karmaşık ve hata yapmaya elverişli çok sayıda parametre hesabını gerektiren ve refraktif sonuç bildiren çalışmaların olmazsa olmaz bir parçasıdır. Kliniğimizin web sitesinden, serbest kullanıma açtığımız bu bilgisayar programının, konusunda önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır. Meslektaşlarımız tarafından işlemlerin bizzat yapılması yerine, güvenilir bir şekilde sonuçlandırılmış işlemlerin yorumlanması adına, zaman kazandıracak, kullanışlı bir araç olduğunu düşünüyoruz