EPR, optical absorption and superposition model studies of Cr3+

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of Cr3+ doped cesium tetrabromozincate (CTBZ) single crystal is done at room temperature. The hyperfine structure for Cr53 isotope is also obtained. Two magnetically inequivalent sites for Cr3+ are observed. The spin Hamiltonian parameters are evaluated as: D = 234×10-4cm-1, E = 69×10-4cm-1, g = 2.0104, A = 80×10-4 cm-1 for site I and D = 235×10-4 cm-1, E = 70×10-4cm-1, g = 2.0061, A = 82×10-4cm-1 for site II, respectively. The optical absorption spectra are recorded at room temperature. The energy values of different orbital levels are determined. The values of various parameters obtained are: B = 602 cm-1, C = 2504 cm-1, Dq = 1870 cm-1, h = 1.63 and k = 0.21, where B and C are Racah parameters, Dq is crystal field parameter, and h and k are nephelauxetic parameters, respectively. Theoretical zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters for Cr3+ at two sites in CTBZ are evaluated using superposition model and microscopic spin Hamiltonian theory. The theoretical ZFS parameters are in good agreement with the experimental values

Tamper Localization Approach for Reversible Watermarking Algorithm Based on Histogram Bin Shifting

Reversible watermarking is a process which is used to authenticate the multimedia content. It checks the integrity of the digital data in order to recover the original data without any distortion. Industries like as medical services, military organization and legal services which are dealing the sensitive data where the minimal alteration is difficult to be tolerated is the application domain of Reversible watermarking. In this thesis, we have proposed a Tamper localization approach for histogram bin shifting based Reversible watermarking algorithm,where original image can be obtained from the watermarked image without any distortion. Tamper localization approach finds out the tampered region of the image, which is used for the selective rejection of the cover image. General application of reversible watermarking procedure says that the entire image gets rejected at receiver side due to the hash mismatch and authentication failure. By using our approach when the hash mismatch occurs the selected part of the image is rejected. This will reduce the re-transmission overhead on the communication channel and limited bandwidth is required due to small sub-part of re-transmission of the image. Here we are taking the advantage of the multiple minimum and maximum points of the histogram for embedding purpose. This will increase the embedding capacity. We have embedded the hash into smaller sub-part of the image until embedding is possible. The hash is generated through the some known cryptographic hash function such as SHA or MD5. This will help us to find out the tampered region at the receiver end while extracting the hash, in the case of hash mismatch occur in cover image which will lead to selective rejection of the cover images

Crystalline Field Effect on bonding Parameters of VO2+ Ion

The interpretation of g factor of the VO2+ ion doped in defferent single crystals is made using the Stevens model where the symmetry of the crystalline field is tetragonal. The bonding parameters K|| and K┴, choosing the different parametric angle β, are determined. The value of K┴ should be less than 0.048 in order to have a better fit to the experimental g values

FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING INDEX OF CUCURBITA MAXIMA SEEDS AND THEIR LIBS BASED ANTIOXIDANT ELEMENTAL PROFILE

Objective: To assess the free radical scavenging index and antioxidant capacity of C. maxima (Cucurbita maxima) seed extract in vitro and its correlation with the phytoelemental profile, quantitatively assessed by LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy).Methods: A number of in vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging assays were performed along with standard as a reference. Reduction capacity and scavenging potential of C. maxima seeds were analyzed in addition to their IC50 values and were compared with respective standards. Quantitative measurements of phytoelements present which is responsible for antioxidant activity is carried out by LIBS.Results: Significant Antioxidant power of the extract was validated by high values of Total Phenolics (18.42 mg/g of gallic acid equivalent) and Total Flavonoids (5.53 mg/g of quercetin equivalent). A result of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (163.4 μM Fe+2/g) clearly reflects its reduction capacity. Percentage inhibition of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (69.25), Nitric Oxide (63.63) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (62.09) radicals proves its antioxidant potential undoubtedly, which was further confirmed by their IC50 values. Reducing power was found to increase significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Extent lipid peroxidation was also measured by comparing the results of Ferric thiocyanate assay with the Thiobarbituric acid method. LIBS analysis showed the presence of certain phytoelements viz. Mg, Ca and Na in the extract, which could be responsible for its antioxidant capacity.Conclusion: Thus, the seeds of C. maxima having a combination of antioxidant phytochemicals and phytoelements could be explored for developing as a complementary and alternative medicine for managing oxidative stress including diabetes as well as aging.Keywords: Reactive oxygen species, Cucurbita maxima, Elemental analysis, Laser spectroscop

Hybrid Cloud Surveillance in Smart Grids: Optimising Solar Power with Dual-Mode Control

This article reviews the progress in the realm of Hybrid Cloud Surveillance in Smart Grids Optimising Solar Power with Dual-Mode Control, delving into the amalgamation of smart grid systems with modern communication and information technology methodologies. A pronounced focus is given to the employment of hybrid or private clouds for bolstered security, data categorisation, and storage sourced from the power grid. The research accentuates the necessity to establish a robust wireless sensor network for overseeing pivotal parameters within the power system grid, enabling automated decision-making during system disruptions or fault current situations by scrutinising the processed data. This approach enhances the power system design and fortifies its integration with renewable energy sources, improving storage capacity and dependability. Moreover, the paper probes into the workings of a solar hybrid power system, utilising an innovative fuzzy control method. By embedding a supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (HESS) into the solar hybrid power generation framework, there’s a marked increase in energy consumption, storage space, and power output. The research underscores the challenges presented by the nonlinear behaviour of photovoltaic devices and the necessity for advanced maximum power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, with the integration of a dynamic power factor correction scheme and a conductance-fuzzy dual-mode control strategy emerging as a central solution for optimising the solar hybrid renewable energy system

Exploring potato seed research: a bibliometric approach towards sustainable food security

IntroductionPotato is considered to be complete food that will not only ensure food security but also alleviate poverty. Seed production of potato requires specific temperatures and conditions. In response to the growing emphasis on sustainable production, there has been an increasing focus on research on tuber seed production.MethodsIn our study, we have employed bibliometric analysis to investigate the trends in potato seed research and assess its correlation with sustainable development. Tabular analysis and network analysis are employed in the study to understand the prominent authors and institutions and research trends across time. For this purpose, Biblioshiny and Vosviewer software were used. The steps of bibliometric analysis were used, which included data retrieval from Dimensions software. Owing to its limitations, a major analysis was conducted without affecting the results.Result and discussionIt was found from the analysis that it was SDG 2 that was mostly linked with the theme of potato seed production. The results depicted an increasing trend of publications and citations. Co-authorship analysis of authors showed high linkage among groups of authors that formed clusters while other authors remained disconnected. Among countries United States, China and the United Kingdom had a higher impact on publications and citations. Our analysis showed that there is still scope for collaboration among countries as there is no evidence of multidisciplinary interlinkages. By understanding the current research landscape, identifying influential works and authors, and uncovering collaboration patterns, we can pave the way for future advancements in potato seed production. Ultimately, this research contributes to achieving sustainable agriculture and ensuring food security for future generations

The first draft of the pigeonpea genome sequence

Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) is an important grain legume of the Indian subcontinent, South-East Asia and East Africa. More than eighty five percent of the world pigeonpea is produced and consumed in India where it is a key crop for food and nutritional security of the people. Here we present the first draft of the genome sequence of a popular pigeonpea variety ‘Asha’. The genome was assembled using long sequence reads of 454 GS-FLX sequencing chemistry with mean read lengths of >550 bp and >10-fold genome coverage, resulting in 510,809,477 bp of high quality sequence. Total 47,004 protein coding genes and 12,511 transposable elements related genes were predicted. We identified 1,213 disease resistance/defense response genes and 152 abiotic stress tolerance genes in the pigeonpea genome that make it a hardy crop. In comparison to soybean, pigeonpea has relatively fewer number of genes for lipid biosynthesis and larger number of genes for cellulose synthesis. The sequence contigs were arranged in to 59,681 scaffolds, which were anchored to eleven chromosomes of pigeonpea with 347 genic-SNP markers of an intra-species reference genetic map. Eleven pigeonpea chromosomes showed low but significant synteny with the twenty chromosomes of soybean. The genome sequence was used to identify large number of hypervariable ‘Arhar’ simple sequence repeat (HASSR) markers, 437 of which were experimentally validated for PCR amplification and high rate of polymorphism among pigeonpea varieties. These markers will be useful for fingerprinting and diversity analysis of pigeonpea germplasm and molecular breeding applications. This is the first plant genome sequence completed entirely through a network of Indian institutions led by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research and provides a valuable resource for the pigeonpea variety improvement. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13562-011-0088-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users