Para uma teoria crítica da sociedade hoje : A questão da experiência

O presente trabalho se propoe a pensar as condiçoes de possibilidade de uma teoria crítica no contemporâneo, considerando, em especial, o conceito de experiência social. Isso implica, compreender no que consiste a crítica e como é possível rearticular a experiência a partir dela, exigindo-se uma abordagem epistemológica que assuma as contradiçoes e a complexidade social como um dos eixos da produçao de conhecimento sociológico, somente possível quando desfeita a divisao estrita e em seu lugar postulada uma relaçao dialética entre sujeito e objeto. Esta pode permitir uma forma de subtrair-se à (nao) experiência do "sempre-igual", a qual o sujeito (ou o que dele restou) encontra-se submetido no capitalismo, propondo uma perspectiva crítica com pretensoes de contrapor-se à ideologia e aos ardis reificadores do contemporâneo. Neste sentido coloca-se a presença do mito e sua crítica, tal como Adorno a realizou nos marcos de uma dialética do esclarecimento. Com esse intuito percorremos importantes aspectos do pensamento de Adorno, como a relaçao entre sujeito e objeto, teoria e práxis, a própria Sociologia como a formulou, todos temas articuladores interpretativos da experiência social. Com isso procuramos uma crítica capaz de desmistificar o existente e de anunciar uma outra experiência socia

A bi-objective model for the integrated frequency-timetabling problem

The urban transport planning process has four basic activities: network design, timetable construction, vehicle scheduling and crew scheduling. In this work we focus on the urban bus timetable construction problem which has two sub-activities: bus frequency calculation and bus departures setting. Typically, these sub-activities are done sequentially, which has some drawbacks: to overcome these drawback we propose to integrate both these sub-activities. We take into consideration: multiple planning periods, synchronizations events (a synchronization occurs when two buses from different routes arrive to a node within a time window), fixed and variable operations costs and uncertain demand in each period

Programa “Mi lectura compartida” para mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes de 5 años de una institución educativa – Huaycán, 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo demostrar en qué medida el programa mi lectura compartida mejora la comprensión lectora en niños de 5 años de una institución pública, Huaycán, 2022. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, con un diseño cuasi experimental. La muestra seleccionada por conveniencia distribuyéndose 25 estudiantes como parte del grupo experimental y 25 estudiantes para el grupo control. Para reunir la información sobre el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora, el instrumento utilizado fue una prueba de comprensión lectora, los datos fueron procesados con el programa SPS. Los resultados descriptivos revelaron que el grupo experimental en el nivel literal pasó de un 40% a un 60% en el nivel logrado, en el nivel inferencial pasó de un 20% a un 44% en el nivel más alto logrado y en el nivel crítico pasó de un 28% a un 56% en el nivel logrado. Finalmente, para el análisis inferencial se tomó en cuenta la prueba Witscoxon, siendo el valor de significancia (,001) < 0,05, concluyéndose entonces que el programa de mi lectura compartida si tuvo efecto significativo sobre el desarrollo de la comprensión lectora en niños de 5 años de una institución pública, Huaycán, 202

Estudio del Potencial Acuícola del cantón Milagro

En el pasado, muchas inversiones en acuicultura se han hecho sin evaluar correctamente las variables de producción, mercado y rentabilidad, lo cual podría haber evitado inversiones que a primera vista parecían rentables, pero que con el tiempo resultaron tener problemas, por no haber hecho un correcto estudio de factibilidad técnico, económico y de mercado. Debido al sostenido crecimiento de las exportaciones acuícolas y a su mayor participación dentro de las actividades productivas del Ecuador, surge la necesidad de realizar proyectos de inversión. Este trabajo además de servir para este fin específico puede ser guía para otros posibles inversionistas interesados en similares proyectos, brindándoles una herramienta que sirva para satisfacer su orientación hacia dichas actividades y como fuente de estudio. En afán de diversificar productos de exportación no tradicionales e incentivar su consumo se decidió presentar un proyecto enmarcado a la producción acuícola; estudiando los peces nativos del Litoral ecuatoriano que posean cualidades y perspectivas de desarrollo. El proyecto debe realizarse en zonas que cumplan los parámetros de suelo, agua, etc. conocidas como “Granjas Acuícolas”. El presente trabajo desarrolla un estudio del Potencial Acuícola del cantón Milagro para aprovechar sus recursos en proyectos de producción y comercializació

Mutational screening of splicing factor genes in cases with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa

Purpose Mutations in genes encoding proteins from the tri-snRNP complex of the spliceosome account for more than 12% of cases of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). Although the exact mechanism by which splicing factor defects trigger photoreceptor death is not completely clear, their role in retinitis pigmentosa has been demonstrated by several genetic and functional studies. To test for possible novel associations between splicing factors and adRP, we screened four tri-snRNP splicing factor genes (EFTUD2, PRPF4, NHP2L1, and AAR2) as candidate disease genes. Methods: We screened up to 303 patients with adRP from Europe and North America who did not carry known RP mutations. Exon-PCR and Sanger methods were used to sequence the NHP2L1 and AAR2 genes, while the sequences of EFTUD2 and PRPF4 were obtained by using long-range PCRs spanning coding and non-coding regions followed by next-generation sequencing. Results: We detected novel missense changes in individual patients in the sequence of the genes PRPF4 and EFTUD2, but the role of these changes in relationship to disease could not be verified. In one other patient we identified a novel nucleotide substitution in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of NHP2L1, which did not segregate with the disease in the family. Conclusions: The absence of clearly pathogenic mutations in the candidate genes screened in our cohort suggests that EFTUD2, PRPF4, NHP2L1, and AAR2 are either not involved in adRP or are associated with the disease in rare instances, at least as observed in this study in patients of European and North American origin

Levels of Spending and Resource Allocation to HIV Programs and Services in Latin America and the Caribbean

BACKGROUND: An estimated 1.86 million people are living with HIV in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). The region is comprised of mainly middle-income countries with steady economic growth while simultaneously there are enormous social inequalities and several concentrated AIDS epidemics. This paper describes HIV spending patterns in LAC countries including analysis of the levels and patterns of domestic HIV spending from both public and international sources. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We conducted an extensive analysis of the most recently available data from LAC countries using the National AIDS Spending Assessment tool. The LAC countries spent a total of US$ 1.59 billion on HIV programs and services during the latest reported year. Countries providing detailed information on spending showed that high percentages are allocated to treatment and care (75.1%) and prevention (15.0%). Domestic sources accounted for 93.6 percent of overall spending and 79 percent of domestic funds were directed to treatment and care. International funds represented 5.4 percent of total HIV funding in the region, but they supplied the majority of the effort to reach most-at-risk-populations (MARPs). However, prevalence rates among men who have sex with men (MSM) still reached over 25 percent in some countries. CONCLUSIONS: Although countries in the region have increasingly sustained their response from domestic sources, still there are future challenges: 1) The growing number of new HIV infections and more people-living-with-HIV (PLWH) eligible to receive antiretroviral treatment (ART); 2) Increasing ART coverage along with high prices of antiretroviral drugs; and 3) The funding for prevention activities among MARPs rely almost exclusively on external donors. These threats call for strengthened actions by civil society and governments to protect and advance gains against HIV in LAC

Dynamic Characterization of Typical Electrical Circuits via Structural Properties

The characterization of a class of electrical circuits is carried out in terms of both stability properties and steady-state behavior. The main contribution is the interpretation of the electrical topology (how the elements that conform the circuits are interconnected) in terms of mathematical properties derived from the structure of their models. In this sense, at what extent the topology by itself defines the dynamic behavior of the systems is explained. The study is based on the graph theory allowing capturing, departing from the well-known Kirchhoff laws, the topology of the circuits into several matrices with specific structure. The algebraic analysis of these matrices permits identifying conditions that determine whether the system is stable in the sense of Lyapunov and the kind of steady-state behavior that it exhibits. The approach is mainly focused on typical topologies widely used in practice, namely, radial, ring, and mesh networks

Renoir y la artritis reumatoidea

Renoir constituye uno de los pintores más representativos del movimiento impresionista. Su amplia producción artística centrada en la figura humana muestra su habilidad con el pincel que no se vio limitada por el desarrollo de la Artritis Reumatoide (AR) que lo aquejaba. En esta reseña histórica se repasan aspectos de la vida de Renoir relacionados con la historia natural de la enfermedad y sus estrategias para mitigar el dolor y la limitación funcional que le permitieron continuar produciendo importantes obras de arte

Sobre o estatuto epistemológico da racionalidade econômica segundo Karl Popper

Três tipos de críticas são comumente levantados contra a utilização do postulado da racionalidade na ciência econômica. A primeira delas associa-se ao argumento da circularidade, a segunda diz respeito à blindagem da teoria contra a refutação e a terceira – e mais importante delas – refere-se à inadequação empírica. O presente artigo busca encaminhar esta última, à luz do tratamento dado por Popper ao longo de sua carreira para a questão de qual seria o estatuto epistemológico do princípio da racionalidade nas teorias econômicas. Três possíveis respostas a esta questão são aqui examinadas, explicitando-se suas respectivas estruturas lógicas. A primeira delas propõe que o postulado da racionalidade desempenhe o papel de lei geral do comportamento humano. A segunda requer que ele funcione como um axioma da teoria. Finalmente, a terceira proposta sugere que o postulado da racionalidade seja entendido como regra metodológica. Conclui-se o artigo sugerindo que esta última solução satisfaz ao apelo que o tipo de crítica aqui examinada faz ao conceito de racionalidade. Não obstante, ao situar-se no contexto metateórico, o postulado da racionalidade mantém importância inegável na teoria econômica. Sem ele, não se disporia de instrumentos que conduzissem à seleção de dados empíricos voltados ao teste das teorias. &nbsp;Three types of criticism are currently raised against the acceptance of the rationalityprinciple in economic science. The first relates to the circularity of the reasoning, thesecond concerns the protection of the theory against refutation, and the third – the mostrelevant – concerns the empirical inadequacy of the concept. This article aims to discussthe last criticism, considering the work performed by Popper, in different moments of&nbsp;his career, devoted to determine the epistemological status of the rationality principle.There are three main possible answers to be examined below. The first suggests thatthis postulate be considered as a general law of human behavior. The second requires itto function as an axiom of the theory. Finally, the answer to the third criticism sees therationality postulate as a methodological rule. The article is finished with a statementthat the last solution is a good answer to the core of the above referred criticisms tothe conventional concept of rationality. Therefore it is concluded that, as far as it issituated in a metatheoretical context, the rationality postulate embraces undeniableimportance as a foundation of economic theory. Its absence or non-existence wouldimply the unavailability of instruments leading to the very selection of the empiricaldata designed to submit the theory to tests