Perceptually Valid Facial Expressions for Character-Based Applications

This paper addresses the problem of creating facial expression of mixed emotions in a perceptually valid way. The research has been done in the context of a “game-like” health and education applications aimed at studying social competency and facial expression awareness in autistic children as well as native language learning, but the results can be applied to many other applications such as games with need for dynamic facial expressions or tools for automating the creation of facial animations. Most existing methods for creating facial expressions of mixed emotions use operations like averaging to create the combined effect of two universal emotions. Such methods may be mathematically justifiable but are not necessarily valid from a perceptual point of view. The research reported here starts by user experiments aiming at understanding how people combine facial actions to express mixed emotions, and how the viewers perceive a set of facial actions in terms of underlying emotions. Using the results of these experiments and a three-dimensional emotion model, we associate facial actions to dimensions and regions in the emotion space, and create a facial expression based on the location of the mixed emotion in the three-dimensional space. We call these regionalized facial actions “facial expression units.

Trust Dispersion and Effective Human-AI Collaboration: The Role of Psychological Safety (Short Paper)

Trust is a crucial factor in team performance for human-human and human-AI teams. While research made significant advancements in uncovering factors that affect the human decision to trust their AI teammate, it disregards the potential dynamics of trust in teams with multiple team members. To address this gap, we propose that trust in AI is an emergent state that can be differentiated on the individual and team level. We highlight the importance of considering the dispersion of trust levels in human-AI teams to understand better how trust influences team performance. Furthermore, we transfer the concept of psychological safety from human psychology literature and propose its role in buffering the potential adverse effects of dispersed trust attitudes

Microwear analysis of small recycled flakes and recycling products from the Ein-Zippori site, Lower Galilee, Israel

A microwear analysis of recycled lithic artefacts from late Pottery Neolithic Wadi Rabah and Early Bronze Age layers at Ein-Zippori, Israel included cores-on-flakes (COFs) which are discarded blanks made into cores, and the flakes detached from them. COFs may have microwear traces that formed before they were recycled. The focus here is on how blanks removed from recycled COFs were used. Discarded flakes were not used as cores to produce small blanks at Ein-Zippori because lithic raw material was scarce, but were COFs recycled so that small tools could be produced for specific tasks? Visible wear traces were present on 19 of 44 blanks produced from COFs. Microwear traces were similar to use wear Lemorini et al. (2015) observed on much older Lower Paleolithic recycled flakes from Qesem Cave, Israel. Most flakes struck from COFs had been used to cut and scrape meat and fresh hide (42%, n=8), but four were used to work wood (21%) and four others were used to cut, scrape, or whittle bone and wood (21%), and two were used for butchering and wood working (11%). One flake only had generic weak microwear traces (5%). These were expedient flake tools, made and used in an ad hoc fashion. Specific blanks do not seem to have been used for distinct tasks

Informative material for patient empowerment in sensitive situations

Women diagnosed with HPV face a hard-to-understand disease that may impact their psychological and physical health and may pose challenges communicating with healthcare providers in sensitive settings. We posit patient empowerment through targeted educational materials can improve sensitive communication and lead to better health outcomes. This study measured the impact of a patient-empowerment process used in a gynecology clinic for HPV patients to improve sensitive communication during medical-related meetings and on subsequent patient empowerment outcomes. The empowerment process was based on expert-vetted informative material made accessible in the physician’s waiting room on tablet devices. Communication between physicians and patients was measured during medical visits via a direct observation, encoding process. Empowerment items were tested following medical visits. The results were compared to a control group that received non-medical, lifestyle material. 237 female, gynecology patients from a large, private clinic participated. Using expert-vetted, relevant material to enhance patient education in a clinical setting results in higher levels of patient empowerment. Physician interaction impacts patient empowerment as do various communication behaviors and this can lead to positive health outcomes. Experience Framework This article is associated with the Patient, Family & Community Engagement lens of The Beryl Institute Experience Framework (https://theberylinstitute.org/experience-framework/). Access other PXJ articles related to this lens. Access other resources related to this lens

“Vaccine Passports” may backfire: findings from a cross-sectional study in the UK and Israel on willingness to get vaccinated against COVID-19

Domestic “vaccine passports” are being implemented across the world as a way of in-creasing vaccinated people’s freedom of movement and to encourage vaccination. However, these vaccine passports may affect people’s vaccination decisions in unintended and undesirable ways. This cross-sectional study investigated whether people’s willingness and motivation to get vaccinated relate to their psychological needs (autonomy, competence and relatedness), and how vaccine passports might affect these needs. Across two countries and 1358 participants, we found that need frustration—particularly autonomy frustration—was associated with lower willingness to get vaccinated and with a shift from self-determined to external motivation. In Israel (a country with vaccine passports), people reported greater autonomy frustration than in the UK (a country without vaccine passports). Our findings suggest that control measures, such as domestic vaccine passports, may have detrimental effects on people’s autonomy, motivation, and willingness to get vaccinated. Policies should strive to achieve a highly vaccinated population by supporting individuals’ autonomous motivation to get vaccinated and using messages of autonomy and relatedness, rather than applying pressure and external controls

Human Factors in Healthcare: A Field Guide to Continuous Improvement

Buku ini memberikan informasi mengenai hubungan antara SDM Kesehatan dengan efektivitas pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat. Selain itu, dibahas mengenai konteks permasalahan yang terjadi dalam praksis pelayanan , solusi yang diberikan, serta peningkatan fasilitas kesehatan untuk menurunkan resiko penurunan kualitas pelayanan