The CRA within a changing financial landscape

Community Reinvestment Act of 1977

Make It Point

1. Finding a Willingness to Disappoint Steel, latex paint, wood. An object that attempts to make a self-sufficient structure from a series of failed attempts. Hardware shows as an answer, but over and over, an answer isn’t enough. More than anything, each answer is the sum of its shape and weight, not its’ prescribed function. 2. My Own Sliding Self-Respect Steel, enamel, latex paint, wood, light fixture, colored light bulb, extension cord. Scale is a measurement of self-worth. Some people know exactly how much space they take up, others lack a sturdy shape in their volume. And light takes up space in the faces it illuminates. 3-4. Tell the Question to the Wall, Parts 1 & 2 Wood, plywood, blue crepe paper, glue, steel, copper, aluminum, enamel, latex paint, spray paint, self-drilling screws, watercolor, nylon rope. Drawings need fasteners to hold together. Bringing formal language out of image-space involves practical considerations, or else pictorial elements begin to fall apart. 5. The Hardest Thing to Move Wood, Steel, enamel, latex paint, nylon webbing, nylon rope, glue, plaster, tin foil, beeswax, colored light bulb. The hardest thing to move is the thing with the most loose parts. Each time it moves, it changes; it is only held together by gravity, a gaze, and a formal grammar. 6. Trust Steel, enamel, wood, woodglue, spray paint. “Trust” draws out our affinities for each other. This is a word that can be forged, polished, and put on tidy pedestals. Something we can all understand without squinting or standing back. Not stricken lines, not doubting; communicating (communication is a labor-intensive process). 7. Habits of Spoken Pleasure Colored thread, straight pins, nylon yarn, latex paint, zip ties, enamel, scrim, blue crepe paper, vinyl rope, rubber bands, plastic wrapper, hemp string, nails, aluminum tape, copper wire, screw, packing tape, plastic netting. At the scale of a thumbnail, all material is sufficient as material. These items are made to be cast away. They hold together by virtue of their lightness, which isn\u27t to say their bonds are weak. It takes a very open strength to be small, held in the palm of a hand. 8. Two Different Plans and Two Similar Outcomes Steel, Fiberboard, spray paint, self-drilling screws, light fixture, colored light bulbs, paper pulp, vinyl rope. A particular kind of confusion and dissolution, in the presence of other letters and actions that make less sense as a group than as individual parts. These elements can’t even make themselves out from the rest of the room, and that may be the only reason they remain. 9. Keenness for Even Feeling Colored thread, nails, graphite pencil. Occasional gaps, manifested as non-spaces between the other works, are agents of their own erasure. This is a volume without form, adrift and lacking the vocabulary to express. These threads are, at best, on the verge of recognition and ascribed meaning. 10-11. Words are Two-Sided, Parts 1 & 2 Steel. Each letter taking a square within a grid, language achieves meaning via proximity. A gathering of letters can express doubt (Part 1) or assurance (Part 2). When the grid is extruded into three-dimensional space, it can express both. The words make a commitment to live as objects

A Causal Interpretation of Selection Theory

The following dissertation is an inferentialist account of classical population genetics. I present the theory as a definite body of interconnected inferential rules for generating mathematical models of population dynamics. To state those rules, I use the notion of causation as a primitive. First, I put forward a rule stating the circumstances of application of the theory, one that uses causal language to pick out the types of entities over which the theory may be deployed. Next, I offer a rule for grouping such entities into populations based on their competitive causal relationships. Then I offer a general algorithm for generating classical population genetics models for such populations on the basis of what causal influences operate within them.Dynamical models in population genetics are designed to demystify natural phenomena, chiefly to show how adaptation, altruism, and genetic polymorphism can be explained in terms of natural rather than supernatural processes. In order for the theory to serve this purpose, it must be possible to understand, in a principled fashion, when and how to deploy the theory. By presenting the theory as a system of ordered inferential rules that takes causal information as its critical input and yields dynamical models as its outputs, I show explicitly how classical population genetics functions as a non-circular theoretical apparatus for generating explanations. The generalization of the theory achieved by presenting it using causal vocabulary shows how the scope of the theory of natural selection extends beyond its traditional domain of systems distinguished by genetic variations

“Frances Burney's Legacy Duty Account” (1840)

In the twelfth and final volume of The Journals and Letters of Fanny Burney, Joyce Hemlow published, for the first time, a transcription of the will of Frances Burney d’Arblay (1752–1840), dated 6 March 1839 and proved on 17 February 1840, six weeks after her death.1 The will provides much valuable information on Burney’s final intentions for the disposal of her effects, including her vast horde of manuscripts, as well as on the state of her finances. Unknown to Hemlow or to subsequent scholars, however, another key document in the National Archives throws new light on these matters: “Burney’s Legacy Duty Account,” dated 19 October 1840, thanks to which we now have complete information about her finances at the time of her death.2 Of particular interest are its valuations of Burney’s literary manuscripts and correspondence, as well those of her father, the music historian and man of letters Dr. Charles Burney (1726–1814). As well as transcribing the “Legacy Duty Account” below, we shall consider why the Burneys received valuations for their manuscripts that are not only shockingly low from a modern perspective, but also significantly lower than those of several of their literary contemporaries

Calculating the number of Hamilton cycles in layeredpolyhedral graphs

We describe a method for computing the number of Hamilton cycles in cubic polyhedral graphs. The Hamilton cycle counts are expressed in terms of a finite-state machine, and can be written as a matrix expression. In the special case of polyhedral graphs with repeating layers, the state machines become cyclic, greatly simplifying the expression for the exact Hamilton cycle counts, and let us calculate the exact Hamilton cycle counts for infinite series of graphs that are generated by repeating the layers. For some series, these reduce to closed form expressions, valid for the entire infinite series. When this is not possible, evaluating the number of Hamiltonian cycles admitted by the series' k-layer member is found by computing a (k - 1)th matrix power, requiring O(log(2)(k)) matrix-matrix multiplications. We demonstrate our technique for the two infinite series of fullerene nanotubes with the smallest caps. In addition to exact closed form and matrix expressions, we provide approximate exponential formulas for the number of Hamilton cycles.Peer reviewe

The topology of fullerenes

Fullerenes are carbon molecules that form polyhedral cages. Their bond structures are exactly the planar cubic graphs that have only pentagon and hexagon faces. Strikingly, a number of chemical properties of a fullerene can be derived from its graph structure. A rich mathematics of cubic planar graphs and fullerene graphs has grown since they were studied by Goldberg, Coxeter, and others in the early 20th century, and many mathematical properties of fullerenes have found simple and beautiful solutions. Yet many interesting chemical and mathematical problems in the field remain open. In this paper, we present a general overview of recent topological and graph theoretical developments in fullerene research over the past two decades, describing both solved and open problems. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2015, 5:96–145. doi: 10.1002/wcms.1207 Conflict of interest: The authors have declared no conflicts of interest for this article. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website