2,403 research outputs found

    NATURALLY OCCURRING AND INTRODUCED TRACERS FOR EXAMINING WATER PATHWAYS IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS

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    Naturally occurring stable isotopes of water and introduced water tracers allow researchers to examine water pathways and better understand spatial and temporal variability in water sources. Trends in naturally occurring stable isotope values can function not only as a tracer for precipitation patterns and moisture recycling but also as a confirmation of municipal data. Additionally, these data can provide an early signal for the effects of climate change on these sources, reducing uncertainty from physical measurements. To further assess water pathways, introduced tracers can be used to investigate surface and below ground surface flow for streams and rivers. In chapter 2, stable isotope values from collected precipitation in Kyiv (Ukraine) and Cherkasy (Ukraine) were compared with published 3H data for Kyiv from the year 2000. These data show an influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and provide information about processes affecting precipitation along the storm trajectory. The 18O values also show a correlation with temperature, indicating that precipitation patterns may be affected by the rising temperatures in the region, as predicted by recent regional studies using Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios. When compared to backtracked storm trajectory and NAO data, clear relationships emerged between water isotope ratios, storm paths, and likely moisture recycling. Overall, 2H, 18O, 3H, and storm trajectory data provide more regional information on water vapor processes, improving climate-change-driven precipitation forecasts in Ukraine. In chapter 3, tap water, surface water, and groundwater were collected over 14 months in Kyiv and nearby Boryspil, Brovary, and Boyarka. Stable isotope values from the tap water for each district in Kyiv show a general seasonal trend in water sources, with more groundwater used in the supply in the winter for most districts. Spatially, groundwater use increases from south to north in the left-bank districts in Kyiv city and groundwater use generally decreases from south to north in the right-bank districts. As precipitation patterns shift and temperatures increase, the reliance on particular water sources may need to shift as well. Overall, 2H and 18O data provide a baseline expectancy for current water use throughout the year and, from this, deviations can be assessed early. In chapter 4, coupled conservative and reactive tracers were used to characterize both adsorption and transient storage in an urban stream pre- and post-restoration. Many stream restoration projects are undertaken to increase water residence times and create environments for contaminant degradation, but direct comparisons of how restoration techniques achieve these goals are limited. This study found that each restoration technique increased transient storage when compared to the pre-restoration conditions. However, as the restoration styles were in a sequential order, it is possible that storage from previous sections could also affect concentrations recovered downstream. Storage for both the regenerative design and the single channel design included adsorption and transient storage. The multi-channel design had the primary control of transient storage

    Improving ICT Use within the Underserved Community: Empowering the Non-Native English Speaker

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    Access to electronic information resources remains a problem for underserved communities, especially non-native English speakers. Diffusion of technology and alternate low-cost methods to capitalize on technology’s potential are needed to reach populations with limited resources. This research places emphasis on a training approach to maximize message content and information exchange targeting subpopulations in underserved communities. The proposed approach leverages findings from a Spring 2007 study, which utilized a web-based training application to obtain pre-training and post-training measures from community responders including participants from the proposed subpopulation

    A CORPUS STUDY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ADJECTIVE PHRASE IN FRENCH CHILDREN

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    In this thesis I attempt to answer three questions: H1) Do children use proportionally more prenominal or post-nominal placement of adjectives than adults? H2) Are children more conservative or more creative in their behavior in alternating prenominal and post-nominal placement of adjectives? H3) If colored terms are more frequent in child speech will they pattern more like prenominal adjectives or more like post nominal adjectives, as in adult speech? To do this, I examine two general semantic viewpoints, opting to use Scontras & Goodman (2017) subjectivity hypothesis. Next, I provide a general overview of First Language Acquisition research and then I turn to specifics of French adjective semantics and syntax, paying particular attention to factors that influence the preferential placement of an individual adjective. I next turn to some psychological factors, making certain types of adjectives especially difficult or easy to learn. I conclude by extending the work of Fox (2012). All this information is to provide the reader theoretical background to understand children’s adjective placement. The real answers come through a corpus investigation of how French children are treating adjectives in the earliest stages of development. Methodologically I answer my three questions by using three corpora from the CHILDES database (MacWhinney 2000). I also create an adult control group from a spoken French corpus. I run mixed effects models to project the behavior of adjectives past the sampling age using R. In the end, I discover that children are more conservative at this early stage. This can be seen by the greater number of post-nominal adjectives. I define conservative behavior as sticking more closely to either position (prenominal or post-nominal) than adults. For example, if a child uses an adjective more closely to 100% prenominal or 0% prenominal than adults, the child is being more conservative than an adult. I also find that children use proportionally more color terms than adults and are more creative with some common color terms. Size and color terms were found to be quickly learned

    The Effects of Community Size, Control Over Agenda, and Contextual Variables on Zika Virus Preparation of Public Information Officers at Local Public Health Departments

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    As Zika emerged as a major global health threat, public information officers (PIOs) at local public health departments across the United States prepared for outbreaks of the virus amid great uncertainty. Using the crisis and risk emergency communication (CERC) model to inform this study, PIOs (n = 226) at public health departments were surveyed to assess how community size, perceived control over health agenda, and other considerations such as resources and federal influences affected their satisfaction with Zika preparedness in their departments. These contextual, indirect factors may moderate planning efforts for Zika and other health emergencies and thus should be considered in crisis management and planning models such as CERC

    Mobile information communication technology for crisis management : understanding user behavior, response and training

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    SMS text-messaging is an interoperable communication vehicle known to be dependable for mass media alert notifications in crisis management. SMS text-messaging also offers potential as one viable two-way communication alternative for field responders in crisis response. Both continuously changing mobile information communication technologies and the importance of precise information exchange constitute a need for communication protocol training and practice. This study introduces a technology-mediated training technique based on speech act and communicative action theories. These theories are used to inform the design of a baseline measure for task performance improvement and to suggest a model to predict communication readiness. Because this research bridges two fields - information systems and communication - it provides a model for full construct-representation of text-based interaction in a technology-mediated environment. The proposed model is validated through a web-based training application with 50 participants who have different crisis response backgrounds, including emergency management practitioners, first responders, public safety volunteers, community volunteers, community citizens, and students over the age of 18. Each group encompasses diverse technological skill and usage levels. The web-based training application developed in the present study features plain language training so that a clear understanding of user behavior, response, and training would emerge. The training and crisis scenario are rendered through multimedia recordings and designed to measure task response, based on the 160 character per SMS text-message exchange limit. The mixed-methods design begins with a crisis scenario, followed by pre-training measures, three repeated training measures, and concludes with post-training measures. A total of six tasks are introduced (3 pre-training and 3 post-training) in which each participant interfaces with the web-based training application through a high-speed Internet connection. Task response level results show promise for this exploratory research and contribute to a new discourse mode that extends to mobile technology penetration. Future research will focus on refinement of the model\u27s task performance measures and will seek to introduce additional situation-based scenarios and mixed-modes of communication. During this next research phase, the objective is to incorporate the model into mobile device usage and operationalize the model in authentic crisis management contexts. If successful in extended field simulation, the model may have the potential to ensure effective mobile information communication within the context of crisis

    Libraries meet the grid: librarians in cyberspace

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    pp. 23-3

    Color Nirvana

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    In this art lesson for grades 6-12, students will consider how color reads differently depending on chromatic surroundings and experiment with color scheme arrangements to create their own linear collage with adhesive-backed papers. This lesson is based on the exhibition NIRVANA, Polly Apfelbaum displayed at the Zuckerman in the fall of 2023.https://digitalcommons.kennesaw.edu/zuckermanmuseum_p12/1007/thumbnail.jp
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