Vector cavity solitons in broad area Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting lasers

We report the experimental observation of two-dimensional vector cavity solitons in a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) under linearly polarized optical injection when varying optical injection linear polarization direction. The polarization of the cavity soliton is not the one of the optical injection as it acquires a distinct ellipticity. These experimental results are qualitatively reproduced by the spin-flip VCSEL model. Our findings open the road to polarization multiplexing when using cavity solitons in broad-area lasers as pixels in information technology

Experimental observation of localized structures in medium size VCSELs

We report experimental evidence of spontaneous formation of localized structures in a 80μm diameter Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) biased above the lasing threshold and under optical injection. Such localized structures are bistable with the injected beam power and the VCSEL current. We experimentally investigate the formation of localized structures for different detunings between the injected beam and the VCSEL, and different injection beam waists

FORCE TRACEABILITY WITHIN THE MEGANEWTON RANGE

This paper gives an introduction and an overview about the structure and the research work carried out in the new EMRP Joint Research Project SIB63 “Force” with the title “Force traceability within the meganewton range

Consequences of isostructural main-chain modifications for the design of antimicrobial foldamers: helical mimics of host-defense peptides based on a heterogeneous amide/urea backbone.

International audienc

Final report on force key comparison CCM.F-K2.a and CCM.F-K2.b (50 kN and 100 kN)

The CCM Force Working Group met in October 1998 in Sydney and made decisions about CIPM Key Comparisons for the unit of force. These were to cover four force ranges, with four different pilot laboratories: i) 5 kN – 10 kN Pilot: MIKES-Raute, Finland ii) 50 kN – 100 kN Pilot: NPL, United Kingdom iii) 500 kN – 1 MN Pilot: PTB, Germany iv) 2 MN – 4 MN Pilot: NIST, USA This report gives the results for Key Comparison ii), piloted by NPL and officially designated CCM.F-K2.a (Scheme A) and CCM.F-K2.b (Scheme B) by CIPM (see Section 4 for details of Scheme A and Scheme B)

Exchange rate volatility, international trade and labour demand

Exchange rate volatility, Trade, Labour demand, Flexibility, Risk aversion, Real option, Real hedge, F16, F23, F31, F41,