IMECE2005-80758 MODELLING CONDUCTION AND RADIATION IN REACTIVE POROUS BED OF THE GASIFIER

ABSTRACT This paper presents the heat transfer model for the gasifier to predict the temperature profile in the bed using the single zone sub-model. The single zone sub-model is also used to verify the correctness and to demonstrate the effect of various parameters for e.g. solid/fluid flow, temperatures of inflow/outflow control volume (CV), heat generation/absorption and with/without heat loss. The study shows that solid/fluid flow, inflow CV temperature and heat generation/absorption within the CV of interest are the strong influencing parameters, whether, the outflow CV temperature has insignificant effect on the temperature values of the CV of interest. The six similar zones correspond to preheating, drying, pyrolysis, oxidation, reduction and annular jacket zone are also coupled in order to predict the temperature profile in the gasifier bed. The simulation result shows that temperature of the down stream zones are more sensitive to heat generation in the bed as compared to upstream zone temperature, while the increase in gas flow rate resulting into the decrease in temperature profile depending upon the values of heat generation/absorption in bed is being fixed

Physiological basis and image processing in functional magnetic resonance imaging: Neuronal and motor activity in brain

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is recently developing as imaging modality used for mapping hemodynamics of neuronal and motor event related tissue blood oxygen level dependence (BOLD) in terms of brain activation. Image processing is performed by segmentation and registration methods. Segmentation algorithms provide brain surface-based analysis, automated anatomical labeling of cortical fields in magnetic resonance data sets based on oxygen metabolic state. Registration algorithms provide geometric features using two or more imaging modalities to assure clinically useful neuronal and motor information of brain activation. This review article summarizes the physiological basis of fMRI signal, its origin, contrast enhancement, physical factors, anatomical labeling by segmentation, registration approaches with examples of visual and motor activity in brain. Latest developments are reviewed for clinical applications of fMRI along with other different neurophysiological and imaging modalities

Nations within a nation: variations in epidemiological transition across the states of India, 1990–2016 in the Global Burden of Disease Study

18% of the world's population lives in India, and many states of India have populations similar to those of large countries. Action to effectively improve population health in India requires availability of reliable and comprehensive state-level estimates of disease burden and risk factors over time. Such comprehensive estimates have not been available so far for all major diseases and risk factors. Thus, we aimed to estimate the disease burden and risk factors in every state of India as part of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016