SARS-CoV-2 Infection Incidence and Outcome Before and After Full Vaccination in Patients With Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance

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Protective Effects of New Antioxidants in OTA-Treated Chicken Kidney

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin which represents an emerging problem for both animal and human health, due to its high presence in feed and foods. Exposure to OTA is associated with oxidative stress-induced nephrotoxicity. Therefore, the identification of new antioxidant or adsorbent substances with protective action constitutes one of the main challenges to reduce the negative effects induced by mycotoxins. For this purpose, we investigated the effect of two innovative feed additives, a bio-organoclay (CHS) and a mixture of a tri-octahedral Na-smectite with a ligno-cellulose based material (MIX) alone or in combination with OTA in kidneys of treated chickens. Real-Time PCR analyses for NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX) and p47-phox were performed to evaluate oxidative stress. Our results demonstrated an increase in NOX and p47-phox levels in OTA-treated chickens. Moreover, CHS, more than MIX, was able to reduce OTA-induced toxicity, restoring NOX levels. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential beneficial role of CHS in reverting OTA-induced nephrotoxicity in chickens and could lead to the production of healthier foods with beneficial consequences for human and animal health