Simulación del crecimiento urbano de la zona metropolitana Tepic-Xalisco, México

The metropolitan area of Tepic-Xalisco (Nayarit, Mexico) has been experienced a fast growth in the last 30 years, generating situations that put the population and the environment at risk, being urgent and necessary to establish new approaches on strategies of urban planning. Understanding the processes of urban growth and simulating possible scenarios have proven to be an essential tool for decision making in the context of spatial planning. The objective of this project was simulating the urban growth the metropolitan area Tepic-Xalisco at the year 2045 horizon. Three different models were used: Multi-Criteria Evaluation Techniques (MCE), Logistic Regression (LR) and Cellular Automata with Markov chains (CA-Markov) to verify the one that better fits the spatial reality and establish a trend situation future. The results were validated with the actual data of urban occupation of 2015. The CA-Markov model showed the best results produced an overall accuracy of 75% and close coincidences in landscape metrics, so this model was used to generate a trend-based scenario of urban growth to the year 2045. The resulting information will be used to generate alternative scenarios that will help to design and evaluate sustainable urban development oriented urban planning strategies.La zona metropolitana Tepic-Xalisco (Nayarit, México) ha tenido un rápido crecimiento en los últimos 30 años, generando situaciones que han puesto en riesgo a la población y medio ambiente, siendo urgente y necesario establecer nuevos enfoques sobre estrategias de planificación urbana. Entender los procesos de crecimiento urbano y simular posibles escenarios futuros han demostrado ser una herramienta esencial para la toma de decisiones en el contexto de la ordenación del territorio. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue simular el crecimiento urbano de la zona metropolitana Tepic-Xalisco al año horizonte 2045. Se utilizaron tres modelos diferentes: técnicas de Evaluación Multi-Criterio (EMC), Regresión Logística (RL) y Autómatas Celulares con cadenas de Markov (AC-Markov), para comprobar el de mejor ajuste a la realidad espacial y establecer una situación tendencial futura. Los resultados fueron validados con datos reales de ocupación urbana del 2015. El modelo AC-Markov mostró mejores resultados al producir una exactitud general del 75 % y coincidencias cercanas en la comparación de las métricas del paisaje, por lo que este modelo fue utilizado para generar un escenario futuro tendencial de crecimiento urbano para el año 2045. La información resultante servirá para generar escenarios alternativos que ayuden a diseñar y evaluar estrategias de planificación urbana orientadas al desarrollo urbano sostenible

Childhood acute leukemias are frequent in Mexico City: descriptive epidemiology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Worldwide, acute leukemia is the most common type of childhood cancer. It is particularly common in the Hispanic populations residing in the United States, Costa Rica, and Mexico City. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of acute leukemia in children who were diagnosed and treated in public hospitals in Mexico City.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Included in this study were those children, under 15 years of age and residents of Mexico City, who were diagnosed in 2006 and 2007 with leukemia, as determined by using the International Classification of Childhood Cancer. The average annual incidence rates (AAIR), and the standardized average annual incidence rates (SAAIR) per million children were calculated. We calculated crude, age- and sex-specific incidence rates and adjusted for age by the direct method with the world population as standard. We determined if there were a correlation between the incidence of acute leukemias in the various boroughs of Mexico City and either the number of agricultural hectares, the average number of persons per household, or the municipal human development index for Mexico (used as a reference of socio-economic level).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Although a total of 610 new cases of leukemia were registered during 2006-2007, only 228 fit the criteria for inclusion in this study. The overall SAAIR was 57.6 per million children (95% CI, 46.9-68.3); acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) was the most frequent type of leukemia, constituting 85.1% of the cases (SAAIR: 49.5 per million), followed by acute myeloblastic leukemia at 12.3% (SAAIR: 6.9 per million), and chronic myeloid leukemia at 1.7% (SAAIR: 0.9 per million). The 1-4 years age group had the highest SAAIR for ALL (77.7 per million). For cases of ALL, 73.2% had precursor B-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR: 35.8 per million) and 12.4% had T-cell immunophenotype (SAAIR 6.3 per million). The peak ages for ALL were 2-6 years and 8-10 years. More than half the children (58.8%) were classified as high risk. There was a positive correlation between the average number of persons per household and the incidence of the pre-B immunophenotype (Pearson's r, 0.789; P = 0.02).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The frequency of ALL in Mexico City is among the highest in the world, similar to those found for Hispanics in the United States and in Costa Rica.</p

Potential Coffee Distribution in a Central-Western Region of Mexico

Currently, there is a world coffee production crisis which has been attributed, among other factors, to the COVID-19 pandemic that affected the development of productive agricultural activities. In this scenario, Mexico is in a declining situation by showing a reduction in coffee production areas in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to promote actions that contribute to the recovery of the resource, particularly in the states with agricultural potential. In the present work, the potentially suitable areas for coffee cultivation are identified through the application of tools that allow for characterizing the biophysical conditions that define the current spatial distribution and, from the analysis of these characteristics, generate a Potential Distribution Model (PDM) of the suitable zones for coffee production. The methodology was developed through the application of the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) algorithm, starting with the collection and preparation of coffee presence records, followed by a correlation analysis and identification of significant variables, the subsequent execution of the model in various configurations to observe the contribution of each variable through a jackknife test, and finally validation of the model with a random sample selection of 30%, to achieve an AUC of 0.98 and TSS of 0.96. The present model was able to identify and quantify the environmentally suitable zones for coffee production, highlighting the regions with ideal potential for the specie. These results are intended to serve as a basis for the generation of planning strategies aimed at managing, improving, and increasing coffee production areas, as well as being used to establish biological corridors to promote biodiversity, conservation, and alternative economic activities such as tourism and furthermore for future work on the analysis of production scenarios and impacts of climate change. It is concluded that 30% of Nayarit’s territory has ideal conditions for coffee cultivation, especially the region delimited by the municipalities of Tepic and Xalisco, the eastern zone of Compostela, and the southwest of San Blas, which should be considered as a Priority Conservation Area (APC) for coffee cultivation in the state

Analysis of the Land Use and Cover Changes in the Metropolitan Area of Tepic-Xalisco (1973–2015) through Landsat Images

Land use and cover changes (LUCC) have been identified as one of the main causes of biodiversity loss and deforestation in the world. Fundamentally, the urban land use has replaced agricultural and forest cover causing loss of environmental services. Monitoring and quantifying LUCC are essential to achieve a proper land management. The objective of this study was to analyze the LUCC in the metropolitan area of Tepic-Xalisco during the period 1973&ndash;2015. To find the best fit and obtain the different land use classes, supervised classification techniques were applied using Maximum Likelihood Classification (MLC), Support Vector Machines (SVMs) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). The results were validated with control points (ground truth) through cross tabulation. The best results were obtained from the SVMs method with kappa indices above 85%. The transition analysis infers that urban land has grown significantly during 42 years, increasing 62 km2 and replacing agricultural areas at a rate of 1.48 km2/year. Forest loss of 5.78 km2 annually was also identified. The results show the different land uses distribution and the dynamics developed in the past. This information may be used to simulate future LUCC and modeling different scenarios

Future urban growth scenarios and ecosystem services valuation in the Tepic-Xalisco Metropolitan area, Mexico

Currently, there is a need to establish new territorial planning instruments focused on sustainable development. The simulation of spatial scenarios is an essential tool to evaluate different alternatives for urban planning. The objective of this work was to explore future urban growth through the analysis of landscape patterns and the economic quantification of ecosystem services of three prospective scenarios, simulated towards the horizon year 2045. Each scenario was formulated, based on the application of different socioeconomic, political and environmental development strategies whose actions have a direct impact on land-use changes. The starting point was an urban growth simulation model, based on Cellular Automata with Markov Chains (CA-Markov), developed from previous work for the study area. Three scenarios were constructed with the intention of showing the spatial characteristics of three different alternatives of the evolution of future urban growth and through them, quantify the economic value and the consequences that would occur in the territory due to the effect of the different decisions taken. Landscape metrics were applied to detect the spatial processes and patterns of urban growth for each of the simulated scenarios and, finally, the costs of ecosystem services associated with the loss or gain of territory (that each of the different land covers and land uses would contribute) were quantified. The three simulated scenarios revealed that the Tepic-Xalisco Metropolitan Zone (MZ) will be in a process of urban coalescence in the next 30 years; and that the path designed to move towards an Industrialisation Scenario (ES2-IN) estimates economic losses of more than $31 million dollars per year for the ecosystem services associated particularly with the reduction of forest cover

Stem Cell Mobilization with G-CSF versus Cyclophosphamide plus G-CSF in Mexican Children

Fifty-six aphaereses were performed in 23 pediatric patients with malignant hematological and solid tumors, following three different protocols for PBPC mobilization and distributed as follows: A: seventeen mobilized with 4 g/m2 of cyclophosphamide (CFA) and 10 μg/kg/day of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), B: nineteen with CFA + G-CSF, and C: twenty only with G-CSF when the WBC count exceeded 10 × 109/L. The average number of MNC/kg body weight (BW)/aphaeresis was 0.4 × 108 (0.1–1.4), 2.25 × 108 (0.56–6.28), and 1.02 × 108 (0.34–2.5) whereas the average number of CD34+ cells/kg BW/aphaeresis was 0.18 × 106/kg (0.09–0.34), 1.04 × 106 (0.19–9.3), and 0.59 × 106 (0.17–0.87) and the count of CFU/kg BW/aphaeresis was 1.11 × 105 (0.31–2.12), 1.16 × 105 (0.64–2.97), and 1.12 × 105 (0.3–6.63) in groups A, B, and C, respectively. The collection was better in group B versus group A (p=0.007 and p=0.05, resp.) and in group C versus group A (p=0.08 and p=0.05, resp.). The collection of PBPCs was more effective in the group mobilized with CFM + G-CSF when the WBC exceeded 10 × 103/μL in terms of MNC and CD34+ cells and there was no toxicity of the chemotherapy

Additional file 1 of Assembly and phylogeographical analysis of novel Taenia solium mitochondrial genomes suggest stratification within the African-American genotype

Additional file 1: Table S1. Mapping statistics of the genome assembly. The number of reads mapped to the Chinese mitochondrial genome (reference) and their mean quality scores before trimming (pre) are given. The number of reads mapped after trimming (post); and the coverage, the genome length in base pairs (bp), the %GC, and the N50 of the assembly in nucleotides (nt) are also shown. Table S2. Gene arrangement of T. solium mitochondrial genomes from Peru, Mexico, and China (reference). The size of each genome in base pairs (bp) is given in parenthesis next to the mitochondrial genome name. Position intervals per gene are shown. The size of each gene (in bp) is specified in parentheses next to each position interval. Start and stop codons of each protein-coding gene per mitochondrial genome are also specified. Table S3. Sequence composition of the haplotypes formed in the COX1 and CYTB networks. Sequences (with their accession numbers) included in each haplotype are specified

Compilación de Proyectos de Investigación desde el año 2003 al 2012

Listado de Proyectos de investigación de UPIICSA desde 2003 a 201