THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LECTURERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR LEADERSHIP CAPACITY AND ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AT STRATEGY FIRST UNIVERSITY, YANGON, MYANMAR

This study examines the relationship between lecturers’ perceptions of leadership capacity and organizational culture at Strategy First University, Yangon, Myanmar, in the 2020 academic year. A total number of 70 lecturers who were currently teaching Undergraduate and Professional development degrees at the university were surveyed.The researcher conducted the study using High Leadership School Survey (HLCSS) by Lambert (2003) and Organizational Culture Survey adopted from Denison (1990). The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, and the Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to determine the relationship between the two variables. The study showed a moderate relationship between lecturers’ perceptions of their leadership capacity and organizational culture, r (68) =.47, p=.000 according to APA standards. The lecturers’ leadership capacity could be enhanced by participation in teamwork, communication with each other, involvement in decision-making processes, and cooperation with stakeholders to strengthen their leadership capacity. It was recommended that lecturers spend more time on participation, collaborative work, and reflection for their professional development. The administrators should practice shared leadership and arrange organizational learning for lecturers to assess their practices and make required changes in line with the changing educational environment

Assessment of Value Chain Management of Sesame in Pwint Phyu Township, Magway Region, Myanmar

Sesame is economically important for producing edible oil and export crops in Myanmar. Empirical research on the sesame value chain is becoming necessary. This study investigated the market performance of 100 sesame stakeholders along the value chain in Myanmar. Interviews with 100 sesame stakeholders along the chain were performed. The results indicated that most of the farmers grew the black sesame (Sahmon Nat) variety because of the higher price and the higher market demand from stakeholders, which increase the marketing margin. Most sesame products flowed to wholesalers and Chinese commission agents in Mandalay, who traded them directly to cross-border exporters to China. Exporters in Yangon traded raw products to Japan and Taiwan and roasted sesame powder to Korea via the Yangon port as normal trade. However, the sesame value chain was very weak in Myanmar because of the unequal marking margin among actors, which was caused by the farmers’ lack of negotiation power with other actors along the chain. Among the discovered constraints, the low quality of product and the lack of advanced facilities and technologies were ranked as the major constraints. Therefore, public and private investments should be raised in this sector not only to overcome the major constraints but also to produce international standard-quality seed. Keywords: key words, Value Chain, sesame, cost, profit and margin, constraints DOI: 10.7176/JESD/10-12-13 Publication date:June 30th 201

The Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Aspirin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular disease in Diabetes and Biochemical effectiveness of Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Aspirin in the ASCEND trial

PhDAbstract: Background The role of aspirin (100 mg daily) and omega-3 fatty acids (FA) (1 g daily) for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes is being investigated in the 2x2 factorial design ASCEND trial. To support the interpretation of the trial’s efficacy findings, it is important to compare selfreported compliance by participants with measures of the biochemical effects of each intervention. The previous data on the effect of supplementation with omega-3 FA on coronary heart disease is uncertain. Methods The ASCEND trial randomly allocated 15480 people with diabetes (94% type 2 DM) who do not already have diagnosed occlusive arterial disease to receive aspirin or placebo and to omega-3 FA or placebo. Blood and urine samples were collected by mail at baseline and after 3 years follow-up. The effectiveness of aspirin to suppress urinary thromboxane B2 (UTxB2), a marker of platelet activity, and, of omega-3 FA supplements to increase red cell membrane omega-3 index were assessed. A systematic review of previous trials of omega-3 FA was conducted to summarize the prior evidence for the effects of omega-3 FA supplements on major vascular events (MVEs). Results Aspirin reduced UTxB2 levels by 67% (63-70%) (p <0.0001) compared with placebo, from 3453 pg/mg (95% CI 3061-3895) at baseline to 1190 pg/mg (1100-1287) on those allocated to aspirin during the trial. During follow-up, the omega-3 index increased by 33% (95% CI 26%-39%) in those allocated omega-3 FA compared to placebo (p<0.0001). The meta-analysis of previous studies of omega-3 FA showed no effect on MVEs (HR 0.97; [0.93-1.01]) overall or in any pre-specified sub-groups. Conclusions Low dose aspirin and omega-3 FA are biochemically effective at reducing UTxB2 and increasing the omega-3 index, respectively. Previous trials show that supplementation with omega-3 FA had no significant effect on MVEs. The results of the ASCEND trial, assessing the effects of both aspirin and omega-3 FA on MVEs, will be available in 2018

a comparative study on teachers' perceptions

Thesis(Master) --KDI School:Master of Development Policy,2018The study assessed budget effectiveness of basic education institutions in Myanmar through a comparative study on teachers’ perceptions. This paper mainly focused on the government education expenditures on basic education. A survey and in-depth interviews with teachers from Pyawbwe Town, Mandalay Region, Myanmar were conducted to help analyse government education expenditures and teachers’ perception. By applying factor analysis, it was found that topics of interest can be grouped into methodology approach, which can be useful in evaluating education’s budget process. Delightful of all these findings and the successful practices of the paper indicates recommendations that can be valuable for government education expenditures to improve their budget size, efficiency, policy making, implementation, evaluation and others.CHAPTER 1.INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2.LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH QUESTIONS CHAPTER 3.RESEARCH METHODS CHAPTER 4.FINDINGS CHAPTER 5.SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONSmasterpublishedTheingi Aung KHIN

Hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes treated with pre-mixed insulin

The burden of hypoglycaemia in type 2 diabetes is increasingly recognised, regardless of treatment regimen.1-3 However, time in hypoglycaemia for individuals with type 2 diabetes who use pre-mixed (biphasic) insulin remains unclear. The aim of our prospective, open-label, single arm, pilot, observational study was to determine the amount of time individuals in this cohort spent in hypoglycaemia (ISRCTN 10603608). The primary endpoint was sensor derived time in hypoglycaemia (TBR

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease: A case report and review of the literature

Kikuchi-Fujimoto Disease is a rare benign, condition of necrotising histiocytic lymphadenitis. A case of a 55 year old gentleman is described here. He presented with fevers, weight loss and tender cervical lymph nodes. Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease was diagnosed after cervical lymph node biopsy. Symptomatic treatment was provided and an uneventful full recovery was made. Of significant note, this patient's daughter had Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease almost a decade earlier. Although Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease has been reported widely, we believe this is the first familial report in the literature of a case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease occurring in a parent and child

National scale-up of tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus collaborative activities in Myanmar from 2005 to 2016 and tuberculosis treatment outcomes for patients with human immunodeficiency virus-positive tuberculosis in the Mandalay Region in 2015.

Background: HIV-associated TB is a serious public health problem in Myanmar. Study objectives were to describe national scale-up of collaborative activities to reduce the double burden of TB and HIV from 2005 to 2016 and to describe TB treatment outcomes of individuals registered with HIV-associated TB in 2015 in the Mandalay Region. Methods: Secondary analysis of national aggregate data and, for treatment outcomes, a cohort study of patients with HIV-associated TB in the Mandalay Region. Results: The number of townships implementing collaborative activities increased from 7 to 330 by 2016. The number of registered TB patients increased from 1577 to 139 625 in 2016, with the number of individuals tested for HIV increasing from 432 to 114 180 (82%) in 2016: 10 971 (10%) were diagnosed as HIV positive. Uptake of co-trimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) nationally in 2016 was 77% and 52%, respectively. In the Mandalay Region, treatment success was 77% and mortality was 18% in 815 HIV-associated TB patients. Risk factors for unfavourable outcomes and death were older age (≥45 years) and not taking CPT and/or ART. Conclusion: Myanmar is making good progress with reducing the HIV burden in TB patients, but better implementation is needed to reach 100% HIV testing and 100% CPT and ART uptake in TB-HIV co-infected patients