Milled Iraqi Phoenix Dactylifera Date Palm Pruning Woods Lignin Qualitative and Quantitative Determination

This study aimed to find analytical data base for Iraqi phoenix date palm pruning woods. Lignin has been extracted for five  types of Iraqi date palm using Klason lignin method. Weight of extracted lignin ranged from ( 0.350 g – 0.698 g), and lignin % ranged from (17.5 – 34.9). (waxes, oils, resin, and proteins of wood gums) % ranged from (22.5 – 44.5). FT– IR Characterization showed that the (-OH) phenolic dis appear in all studied lignin samples, and the (4-O-5 inter monomeric lignin linkage) showed strong intensity peaks for Khadrawi, and Jamal AL-Deen samples, and moderate  intensities for Maktom, Barhi at, and Fahal. Also (DODO inter monomeric lignin linkage) showed strong intensity peaks for all studied samples. UV – Vis. Characterization showed that the lowest absorption maximum (254 nm) corresponds to Fahal lignin sample, While the highest absorption maximum (275 nm) corresponds to Jamal AL-Deen lignin sample. Keywords: Milled Iraqi Phoenix, pruning woods, lignin, Quantitative Determination

Synthesis and Characterization of Grafted Chitosan Blending with Polyvinyl alcohol / Nanocomposite and Study Biological Activity

The study of biopolymers and their derivative materials had received a considerable degree of attention from researchers in the preparation of novel material. Biopolymers and their derivatives have a wide range of applications as a result of their bio-compatibility, bio-degradability and non-toxicity. In this paper, chitosan reacted with different aldehydes(2,4 –dichloro- benzaldehyde or 2-methyl benzaldehyde), different ketones (4-bromoacetophenone or 3-aminoacetophenone) to produce chitosan schiff base (1-4) . Chitosan schiff base (1-4) reacted with glutaric acid or adipic acid in acidic media in distilled water according to the steps of Fischer and Speier to produce compounds (5-12) respectively. Grafted chitosan (5-12) blended with synthetic polymer PVA to produce compounds (13-20), then these polymers were blended with nano Ag by using a hotplate stirrer for 60 min to produce nanocomposites. The synthesized polymers were identified via spectral analysis techniques, including FTIR , 1H-NMR and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Finally, studied anti-bacterial activities of some of the prepared polymers

Isolation and Characterization of Lignin from Iraqi Date Palm Phoenix Dactylifera L. Frond Bases as a Good and Cheap Source of Lignin

This study aimed to find analytical data base for Iraqi phoenix date palm pruning woods. Lignin has been extracted for five types of Iraqi date palm using Klason lignin method. Weight of extracted lignin ranged from (0.341 g – 0.56 g), and lignin % ranged from (17.1– 28.2). (Waxes, oils, resin, and proteins of wood gums) % ranged from (23.5– 32.6). FT– IR Characterization showed that the (-OH) phenolic dis appear in all studied lignin samples, except Sukkari lignin showed weak intensity peak. The (4-O-5 inter monomeric lignin linkage) showed strong intensity peaks for Bream and Saif, samples, moderate intensity for Saada, and weak intensity peaks for Sukkari and Makawi. Also aromatic rings (?-1, ?-?, 5-5, and ?-5 inter monomeric lignin linkage) showed strong intensity peaks for all studied samples. UV – Vis. Characterization showed that the lowest absorption maximum (261 nm) corresponds to Saada lignin sample, While the highest absorption maximum (288 nm) corresponds to Bream lignin sample. Keywords: Iraqi Date, Phoenix dactylifera L., frond bases, lignin, Isolation and characterization