Removal of an Extra-large Irritation Fibroma With a Combination of Diode Laser and Scalpel

Introduction: Irritation fibroma is the most common tumor like and sub mucosal reactive lesion in the oral cavity. Usually it is measured less than 1.5 cm in diameter; however in rare case it has more than 3 cm in diameter. Different kind of treatment for soft tissue lesions include scalpel excision, electrical surgery, and laser surgery. The diode laser can be more effective than conventional surgery, electrosurgery and cryosurgery in reduction of bleeding and pain.Case Report: We reported a very large irritation fibroma in right lingual side of retromolar pad which was less prone to be traumatized under local irritation, in a woman wearing maxillary complete denture and use of both diode laser and scalpel for its excision

Comparing the Effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation, Biofeedback Electromyography and Functional Electrical Stimulation on Quadriceps Disinhibition after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

Introduction: Patients with ACL reconstruction often return back to activity with diminished quadriceps activity and strength.  (Patients suffering from ACL can be often rehabilitated with the help of ACL reconstruction, although quadriceps strength and muscle activity might be weak or limited after the surgery.)The present study aimed to compare the effect of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS), Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) and Biofeedback Electromyography (B-EMG) on improvement in quadriceps strength and mean value of VMO activation pattern (MVVA) among patients with reconstruction of ACL. Materials and Methods: The study was designed as a randomized control trial. 102 patients, who filled a demographic questionnaire relating to important factors mainly age, height, and weight before the intervention, (all sportsmen) were randomly divided into four groups known as, FES (n=21), TENS (n=21), B-EMG (n=22) and control (n=38). In this study, hand-held dynamometry and biofeedback electromyography were used to assess Quadriceps strength and MVVA respectively. All samples were evaluated at three different time intervals, including prior to the, after and 4 weeks after the treatment.  Additionally, all four groups received Ice pack around the knee and Michle Duck exercise therapy protocol. The treatments provided totally lasted 3 to 5 weeks. The participants in 4 groups received TENS, FES and B-EMG as their main treatments 5 times a week for 45, 15 and 15 minutes successively. Results: The mean scores of MVVA and quadriceps strength after the intervention and after the follow-up increased significantly in all four groups. However the effect of FES on MVVA in comparison with TENS and control group was statistically meaningful in favor of FES group. (As instructed here the last sentence omitted) Conclusion: TENS, FES and B-EMG in combination with cryotherapy and exercise as well as cryotherapy with exercise can reduce VMO inhibition and improve quadriceps strength in patients who undergo ACL reconstruction. However FES in combination with cryotherapy and exercise can be the most effective one.Key words: ACL Reconstruction, Biofeedback, Functional Electrical Stimulation, Quadriceps Inhibition, TEN

A Survey on Trend and Classification of Internet of Things Reviews

The Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping the current and next generation of the Internet. The vision of IoT is to embed communication capabilities with a highly distributed, ubiquitous and dense heterogeneous devices network. This vision includes the adaptation of secure mobile networks, anytime, anywhere, by anyone or anything with new intelligent applications and services. Many efforts have been made to review the literature related to the IoT for the benefit of IoT development. However, many issues need to be addressed to overtake the full potential of the IoT. Therefore, this paper aims to classify and standardize IoT research areas by considering review papers that were published between 2010 and 2019. This paper analyzes a total of 95 related reviews, which were manually selected from databases based on 6 chosen areas. This paper presents the trends and classification of IoT reviews based on 6 research areas, namely, application, architecture, communication, challenges, technology, and security. IoT communication research has been dominating the trends with 21% of total reviews and more than 100% research growth in the last 10 years. Hence, this paper can provide useful insights into specific emerging areas of IoT to assist future research

Effects of High-Power Diode Laser Irradiation Combined with Electrical Stimulation on Wrist Pain and Function Following Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Introduction: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is the most common and most well-known compression neuropathy which may manifest as mild, moderate, or severe and lead to various degrees of disability in people. The present study aimed to compare the effect of high-power diode laser beam and Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) separately and in combination on improvement of wrist pain and function in patients with CTS. Method and Materials: The study was designed as a randomized trial. A total of 45 patients (7 men and 38 women) were randomly divided into three groups of high-power laser (n=15), TENS (n=15), and high-power laser with TENS (n=15). The TENS group received conventional TENS on pain site for two weeks as 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes per session. The high-power laser group received 6.5 J/cm2 laser for two weeks, 5 sessions per week. The group of high-power laser with TENS received conventional TENS and then 6.5 J/cm2 laser for two weeks as 5 sessions per week and 30 minutes per session. The Persian McGill Pain Questionnaire, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the 5-point scale of pain severity of McGill Pain Questionnaire (pain severity) were used to assess pain and the Persian version of the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was administered to evaluate hand function before and after treatment. All the patients filled a demographic questionnaire including age, height, and weight prior to the intervention. Results: The mean scores of McGill, VAS, pain severity, and DASH questionnaires reduced significantly in high-power laser and high-power laser with TENS groups; however, these variables had no significant difference in the TENS group. Conclusions: High-power laser diode (808 nm, 6.5 j/cm2) can reduce pain and improve hand function in patients with mild to moderate CTS. Laser-induced anti-inflammatory effects and blood flow improvement are possible causes of decreased pain and sensory signs followed by improvement in hand function.Key words: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, High-Power Laser, Hand, Pain, Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulatio

Developing Professional Ethics for Rehabilitation Professionals: A Qualitative Study

Codes of ethics are a set of moral standards based on a value system widely accepted by members of a profession. In order to choose the right course of action and resolve potential ethical challenges, these codes will need to be developed so that ethical values can be identified and prioritized. Medical ethics covers all areas of medicine, and surely, rehabilitation is not an exception. This study aims to codify the ethics of the rehabilitation profession while considering the cultural and religious issues in Iran. For this purpose, we used a qualitative research method, including literature review, questionnaire, targeted interviews, content analysis, group discussion, and code extraction. The results were categorized into seven sections: “respect and empathy”, “autonomy”, “offering responsible care and reducing suffering”, “doing the right thing”, “beneficence”, “privacy and confidentiality”, and “social responsibility”. The development of ethical codes for rehabilitation determines moral norms in order to protect the rights of people who need rehabilitation services. These codes can also be used as a guide to the ethical challenges of the profession

Translation and Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability and Validation Study of the Persian Version of Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire

The Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire (KCCQ) has been developed to measure the health status of Congestive heart failure (CHF) patients. This study aimed to translate KCCQ into a Persian version and assess its validity and reliability. We used a forward-backward procedure to translate the questionnaire. In a cross-sectional study, 150 CHF patients and 50 healthy subjects over 30 years old were selected to assess the reliability and construct validity of the instrument. The face and content validity were used for the questionnaire's validity. The validity was examined on a population of patients with CHF using the Persian version of the Minnesota Living Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHF) health survey. Calculation of the Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha was done to evaluate the questionnaire's reliability. Test-retest reliability was examined by re-administering the KCCQ after 2 weeks. Test-retest results demonstrated that the Persian version has excellent reliability (ICC for all domains was higher than 0.93, P≤0.000). Internal consistency was found by Cronbach's alpha to be 0.86 for the clinical summary and 0.87 for the overall summary, respectively. Also, the correlation between the components of KCCQ and MLHQ showed satisfactory construct validity. Good Pearson's Correlation Coefficient was seen between KCCQ and MLHF (r= -0.44, P≤0.000 for the clinical summary; r= -0.45, P≤0.000 for the overall summary). Analysing the data from 50 healthy persons and 150 patients were shown that the Persian version of KCCQ has acceptable discriminate validity for all domains except self-efficacy. The Persian version of the KCCQ had satisfactory reliability and validity for assessing health-related quality of life status for Iranian CHF patients

Results acceptability of E-Voting system using blockchain technology

Voting is a democratic activity that has been utilized over the years as an important means of expressing ideas and conversations among people in democratic countries. This article aims to facilitate and safeguard the voting process by creating a confident online voting system for voting and referendums. With blockchain technology, users' data is secured from theft, and Eavesdropping and voting disturbance is prevented from ensuring voting integrity. The blockchain encrypts votes to safeguard all votes against falsification. This approach is not only aimed at governments but at all public and private entities. For example, governments can hold referendums or elections, and anybody with a legal age and a government voting card can vote. This eliminates the old procedures and eliminates ballot boxes, sticks in the long lineups, and delays, which cost governments a lot of time, effort, and money. Any organization or private company that wants to conduct polls or surveys or to collect opinions from society may easily utilize this method to contact them. The approach helps the authorities concerned to achieve outcomes promptly without delay, bearing in mind variations between government and commercial organizations

The Effect of Orally Administered Lactobacillus rhamnosus as “Systemic Probiotics” on C-Reactive Protein Levels and Wound Healing of Oral Mucosa in Rabbits

Aims: This study investigates the beneficial role of Lactobacillus rhamnosus in oral wound healing. Materials and methods: Twenty-five rabbits were divided into three main groups; The First was the Negative Control group(group I) with five rabbits, these had neither surgery nor treatment. The second was the Positive control group(group II) with ten rabbits, these had an incisional cut of 1cm in their buccal mucosa but none had received any treatment. The rabbits in this group were subdivided into two subgroups (a and b) with five animals each according to the time of euthanasia, as explained below. The third was the treatment group (group III) with ten rabbits. These all had the same oral incision and received probiotic drops (VITRON® Farma, Turkey); an already prepared solution containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus, 5 oral drops (0.25 ml)/kg to be swallowed once daily starting from the first day of study till the day of euthanizing. Animals in this group were also subdivided equally into a and b subgroups according to the time of euthanasia. The rabbits from group I and subgroups IIa and IIIa were euthanized on the third-day post-surgery. All other rabbits from subgroups IIb and IIIb were euthanized on the seventh-day post-surgery. Serum samples were collected and mucosal tissue at wound sites was excised for histological analysis. Results: The serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the third-day groups of the study indicated a highly significant difference (P ≤0.001), as well as between the groups on the seventh day which also showed a noticeable decrease in the concentration of these cytokines. A microscopic inspection in the Positive Control group after three days revealed a wound with inflammatory exudate, fibrin deposition, and destruction of the epithelium layer of mucosa with slight re-epithelialization. The seventh-day tissue of the positive control group showed highly inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrin deposition, reepithelialization, and minimal granulation tissue formation. In contrast, the treatment group's mucosal wounds on three postsurgical days showed a wound site with little inflammatory exudate, early signs of reepithelialization, and well-formed granulation tissue, while on day seven showed a wound site with no inflammatory exudate, well-developed re-epithelialization, well granulation tissue formation and signs of angiogenesis. Conclusion: Systemic probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus enhanced the wound healing of oral mucosa in rabbits

Web security awareness of it graduate students: case study

Nowadays, the security of web applications has a serious importance as Internet publication is increasing rapidly with huge variety of activities. The functionality of web applications should be insured beside the immunity from many types of vulnerabilities. There are many attackers who can bring harm to the operation of the web application and the safety of the users’ information. Checking the web application vulnerabilities can be easily done using the penetration tools from Kali Linux. In this research, we tried to study the level of security awareness of final year students in IT related fields at University Utara Malaysia (UUM). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were done to evaluate the level of awareness of a selected group of users and web admins. Based on the results obtained, most of the users are aware of the importance of web application security and cares about their own personal information but they do not know how to insure that they are safe online. As for web admins, after seeing a live demo on their websites using Kali Linux’s tools, they were aware that their websites should be secured but they did not know how to achieve this goal and the preliminary outcomes of this quantitative survey identified admins' enthusiasm to learn cybersecurity skills

Effect of 670 Nm Laser Beam on the Action Potentials of Sural Nerve in Healthy Individuals

Introduction: Low Level Laser (LLL) is being used in physiotherapy for pain relief in various pathologies and particularly on peripheral nerve entrapments. In the present study, the effect of LLL on the electrophysiological parameters of sural in humans was investigated. The results might be used as a basis for further clinical research in abnormal conditions. Methods and Materials: Thirty-eight normal men voluntarily participated in the current study and 670 nm LLL beam was applied to the left sural nerve at 5 points for 10 sessions. The electrophysiological parameters such as onset latency, peak latency, negative peak amplitude, peak to peak amplitude, and duration were measured before and after the application of LLL (0.5, 1.5 & 2.5 J/cm² energy density). Results: Overall, 670 nm laser beam increased the latency and reduced the nerve conduction velocity (NCV). In addition, LLL beam decreased the amplitude of action potentials. Among the various values of energy densities, application of 2.5 J/cm² had the most effective results (P < 0.001). Conclusion: These results might suggest that 670 nm laser beam could affect the latency and reduce the NCV in sural nerve of human. Probably, LLL affects the bioelectric and bioenergetic properties of the neural biomembrane. These findings might have clinical signlificance in non-surgical treatment of entrapment syndromes, such as carpal, tarsal syndromes and trigeminal entrapment in human. Further investigations are needed to elucidate the effects of LLL beam on the human peripheral nerves in pathological conditions.Keywords: Low-level laser, Sural nerve, Electrophysiology, Pai