163 research outputs found
Autonomic Dysreflexia during a Bowel Program in Patients with Cervical Spinal Cord Injury.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between bowel maneuvers and autonomic dysreflexia (AD) in patients with cervical spinal cord injuries (CSCI). Fifteen consecutive, clinically stable patients with CSCI participated. We evaluated changes in blood pressure (BP), pulse rate (PR) and classic symptoms of AD before, during and after a bowel program involving the manual removal of stool in lateral recumbency. The insertion of rectal medication induced a significant increase in systolic BP, which persisted during additional digital rectal stimulation. Furthermore, the manual removal of stool induced AD, with maximal increases of systolic BP (169.1(+-)19.5 mmHg, mean(+-)SD). However, the insertion of a finger into the anus after the end of stool flow did not cause a further increase in systolic BP. Systolic BP recovered to pre-program values within 5 min after defecation. Our study demonstrated that the combined effects of rectal and/or anal sphincter distension and uninhibited rectal contraction in response to the manual removal of stool might induce AD. We recommend avoiding, if at all possible, the manual removal of stool in order to prevent AD in patients with CSCI
A New Milky Way Satellite Discovered In The Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam Survey
We report the discovery of a new ultra-faint dwarf satellite companion of the
Milky Way based on the early survey data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru
Strategic Program. This new satellite, Virgo I, which is located in the
constellation of Virgo, has been identified as a statistically significant (5.5
sigma) spatial overdensity of star-like objects with a well-defined main
sequence and red giant branch in their color-magnitude diagram. The
significance of this overdensity increases to 10.8 sigma when the relevant
isochrone filter is adopted for the search. Based on the distribution of the
stars around the likely main sequence turn-off at r ~ 24 mag, the distance to
Virgo I is estimated as 87 kpc, and its most likely absolute magnitude
calculated from a Monte Carlo analysis is M_V = -0.8 +/- 0.9 mag. This stellar
system has an extended spatial distribution with a half-light radius of 38
+12/-11 pc, which clearly distinguishes it from a globular cluster with
comparable luminosity. Thus, Virgo I is one of the faintest dwarf satellites
known and is located beyond the reach of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. This
demonstrates the power of this survey program to identify very faint dwarf
satellites. This discovery of VirgoI is based only on about 100 square degrees
of data, thus a large number of faint dwarf satellites are likely to exist in
the outer halo of the Milky Way.Comment: typos are corrected, 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in
Ap
Propagating Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill states encoded in an optical oscillator
A quantum computer with low-error, high-speed quantum operations and
capability for interconnections is required for useful quantum computations. A
logical qubit called Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) qubit in a single Bosonic
harmonic oscillator is efficient for mitigating errors in a quantum computer.
The particularly intriguing prospect of GKP qubits is that entangling gates as
well as syndrome measurements for quantum error correction only require
efficient, noise-robust linear operations. To date, however, GKP qubits have
been only demonstrated at mechanical and microwave frequency in a highly
nonlinear physical system. The physical platform that naturally provides the
scalable linear toolbox is optics, including near-ideal loss-free beam
splitters and near-unit efficiency homodyne detectors that allow to obtain the
complete analog syndrome for optimized quantum error correction. Additional
optical linear amplifiers and specifically designed GKP qubit states are then
all that is needed for universal quantum computing. In this work, we realize a
GKP state in propagating light at the telecommunication wavelength and
demonstrate homodyne meausurements on the GKP states for the first time without
any loss corrections. Our GKP states do not only show non-classicality and
non-Gaussianity at room temperature and atmospheric pressure, but unlike the
existing schemes with stationary qubits, they are realizable in a propagating
wave system. This property permits large-scale quantum computation and
interconnections, with strong compatibility to optical fibers and 5G
telecommunication technology.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figure
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