Multiple Widespread Blue Nodules: A Clinicopathological Case

Glomangiomas are a variant of benign glomus tumours; glomus tumours are benign neoplastic proliferations of the glomus body, which is made up of perivascular smooth muscle cells. This forms arteriovenous anastomoses which play an important role in vascular regulation of skin temperature. The aim of this article is to describe 2 cases of hereditary glomangiomas

British Association of Dermatologists guidelines for the management of people with vitiligo 2021

The overall objective of the guideline is to provide up-to-date, evidence-based recommendations for the management of vitiligo. The document aims to: offer an appraisal of all relevant literature up to May 2019, focusing on any key developments address important, practical clinical questions relating to the primary guideline objective provide guideline recommendations and if appropriate research recommendations

Differential expression of phosphorylated MEK and ERK correlates with aggressive BCC subtypes.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is associated with aberrant Hedgehog (HH) signalling through mutational inactivation of PTCH1; however, there is conflicting data regarding MEK/ERK signalling in BCC and the signalling pathway interactions in these carcinomas. To address this, expression of active phospho (p) MEK and ERK was examined in a panel of 15 non-aggressive and 14 aggressive BCCs. Although not uniformly expressed, both phospho-proteins were detected in the nuclei and/or cytoplasm of normal and tumour-associated epidermal cells however, whereas phospho-MEK (pMEK) was present in all non-aggressive BCCs (14/14), phospho-ERK (pERK) was rarely expressed (2/14). In contrast pERK expression was more prevalent in aggressive tumours (11/14). Interestingly, pMEK was only localized to the tumour mass whereas pERK was expressed in tumours and stroma of aggressive BCCs. Similarly, pERK (but not pMEK) was absent in mouse BCC-like tumours derived from X-ray irradiated Ptch1+/- mice with stromal pERK observed in myofibroblasts of the aggressive variant as well as in the tumour mass. RNA sequencing analysis of tumour epithelium and stroma of aggressive and non-aggressive BCC revealed the upregulation of epidermal growth factor receptor- and ERK-related pathways. Angiogenesis and immune response pathways were also upregulated in the stroma compared with the tumour. PTCH1 suppressed NEB1 immortalized keratinocytes (shPTCH1) display upregulated pERK that can be independent of MEK expression. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor pathway inhibitors affect the HH pathway by suppressing GLI1. These studies reveal differential expression of pERK between human BCC subtypes that maybe active by a pathway independent of MEK

Airbrush robotic painting system: Experimental validation of a colour spray model

4noThis research is focused on developing a robotic painting system for artistic and graphic applications by means of an anthropomorphic robot equipped with an airbrush. Firstly, we introduce a mathematical colour spray model, based on a radially symmetric Gaussian distribution of colour intensity within the spray cone. Then, we present an experimental characterization of colour intensity in a spot, by varying the distance between airbrush and target surface and the spraying time. The experimental results of this pilot study validate the paint intensity model and provide the basis for further investigations.reservedmixedScalera, Lorenzo*; Mazzon, Enrico; Gallina, Paolo; Gasparetto, AlessandroScalera, Lorenzo; Mazzon, Enrico; Gallina, Paolo; Gasparetto, Alessandr