How Vulnerable are Bangladesh’s Indigenous People to Climate Change?

This paper compares the vulnerabilities to climate change and climate variability of the indigenous people with the Bengali population of Bangladesh. It distinguishes between (a) individual vulnerabilities that are related to an individual’s capability to adapt to climate change and; (b) spatial vulnerabilities, that is, vulnerabilities that are related to the location of a person (like the exposure to climate change-induced disasters). While an individual’s capability to adapt to climate change is determined by many factors, some relatively simple approximation is to look at poverty, landlessness, and illiteracy. Spatial vulnerabilities are reviewed by looking at drought hazard maps, flood hazard maps, landslide hazard maps, and cyclone hazard maps. Hence, the paper compares levels of poverty, landlessness, illiteracy, and the more direct though also more subjective exposures to increased droughts, floods, landslides, and cyclones across the two population groups. The paper concludes with some broad suggestions on adaptation strategies of indigenous people as well as suggestions for policy interventions to reduce climate change-induced vulnerabilities for indigenous people in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT).Bangladesh, climate change, vulnerability

KEEFEKTIFAN LATIHAN GAME OF TARGET TERHADAP PASSING SEPAK BOLA

AbstractThe problems during this analysis ar the low ability of scholars, lack of focus of scholars, and lack of understanding of the fundamental techniques of passing football. Therefore there's a desire for alternatives to cut back these issues, and this study aims to see the effectiveness oftraining game of target on passing soccerstudents of FKIP UNTAN education. The shape of analysis used was pre-experimental style with one cluster pre-test post-test style. Knowledge the information assortment techniques used were observation techniques and data assortment tools within the type of tests. The population during this study were students of sophistication 2019 FKIP UNTAN education. The sample of this study was elect supported purposive sampling technique as several as thirty five education students category 2019 Regular A semester three FKIP UNTAN. The educational outcomes of scholars were analyzed exploitation the requirement check. Thet- Paired Samples Testtest was obtained at 0,00 which means (2-tailed)<0.05 Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected, which means that the employment of game of targetan hadeffect on the results of passing football. The employment of game of target is effectively accustomed improve the results passing of student soccerwith a sway size of 1,885 (high). Supported the results of the analysis, it will be over that theexercise game of target during this study is effectively used as an alternate exercise to improveresults passing student football.Keywords: Effective, Game Of Target coaching, soccer Passin

Antibacterial and bioactive coatings based on electrophoretic deposition of chitosan/bioactive glas/lawsone on PEEK/bioactive glass layers

The electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an attractive approach for development of Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) and 45S5 bio-active glass (BG®) composite coatings for biomedical applications. However, in order to establish the influence of the EPD parameters on the properties of the deposited coatings, a deeper investigation of the fundamental PEEK/BG co-EPD kinetics is required. Previous studies have reported hit and trial approach in order to optimize key EPD parameters, which is material and time consuming. Therefore, in this study, design of experiment approach was utilized to reach the optimized parameters economically. Accordingly, the PEEK/BG-EPD kinetics was established as a function of deposition time and voltage, accompanied by microscopic characterization of the deposited films. The experimental results showed that the deposition follows a linear growth law, in good agreement with the predictions of Hamaker’s law. The green coatings produced from the optimized set of parameters were sintered, in order to achieve substantial adhesion to the metallic substrate. Moreover, Chitosan/BG/Lawson composite was also deposited electrophoretically by optimized set of parameters on the sintered PEEK/BG composite coatings. Produced multilayer coatings attain multifunctional attributes; such as mechanical integrity and bioactivity from first layer, whereas, bioresorbable chitosan in top layer provided an effective platform to trigger the release of antibacterial drug (Lawson). The morphology of multilayer coatings was examined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elemental and compositional analysis was performed qualitatively with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and x-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was employed in order to identify the chemical structure of multilayer coatings. Moreover, wettability of the multilayer coatings was analyzed by static water contact angle measurements. Finally, in vitro bioactivity was assessed by immersing the multilayer coatings in simulated body fluid for 3, 7 and 14 days. The developed multilayer coatings were fairly homogenous, micro-porous and moderately hydrophobic. Furthermore, multilayer coatings were covered completely with apatite like layer after 3 days of immersion in SBF

PENGARUH VARIASI LATIHAN TERHADAP HASIL SHOOTING DALAM PERMAINAN SEPAK BOLA

AbstractThis study aims to improve the basic technique of shooting at the goal in a soccer game with a variety of exercises for players or players who take part in soccer extracurriculars at SMA N 8 Pontianak. -post test design and use shooting test instruments at the goal. The sample of this study was all football players who took part in extracurricular football at SMA N 8 Pontianak, totaling 20 people with the technique of saturated sampling technique. Based on the results of the research, the initial test shooting data at the goal was a score of 156 with an average of 7.8 and the final test increased to 219 with an average value of 10.95, thus there was an increase in the shooting test towards the goal, which was 3.15% from the initial test. The statistical test T count is greater than T tabe tau 4.55> 2.093, so there is an effect of variation training on the basic technique of shooting at the goal in soccer games, with the variation of training, players will always repeat and kick towards the goal in accordance with trainer's instructions and experience.Keywords: Practice Variations, Basic Soccer Shooting Techniqu

Hubungan Gerak Dasar dengan Kemampuan Bermain Kasti Siswa di Sekolah Dasar Subsidi Sibale

: Basic Motion Relationship With Rounders Playing Ability Students in Elementary School Subsidy Sibale. This study aims to determine the relationship of the motion base with the ability to play rounders in elementary school students Subsidy Sibale. The method used descriptive quantitative method with correlational techniques. The subjects were students of class IV and class V Elementary School Sibale subsidy, which number of 24 students. quota sampling by using with sampling techniques. Instrument data collection by means of test and measurement exercise. Test the validity of the judgeman consultation, Test-retest reliability test, data analysis techniques by using product moment r. These results indicate that the mastery of basic motion game of rounders students included in enough assessment criteria, and students mastery of the ability to play rounders included in the assessment criteria enough, indicate that the motion basic control of the game of rounders (X) with the ability to play rounders (Y) obtained correlation coefficient rxy =0.514045. If the tested significance with r tabel =0.404 at significant level of 5%, then the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted

Daya Antelmintik Ekstrak Etanol Biji Srikaya (Annona Squamosa L.) Terhadap Cacing Ascaridia Galli Secara in Vitro Dan Profil Kltnya

Custard apple (Annona squamosa L.) is one of efficacious medical plant that often used by local community for constipation, insectiside, carbuncle, scabies, gastrointestinal problem such diarrhoea, dysentery and anthelmintic. In Indonesia, worm disease is infection disease that still high prevalention. Although modern anthelmintic is in stock, but still common community is to use medical plant, specialy custard apple for therapeutic worm disease. The aim of this research was to deterinate anthelmintic capability of ethanol extract of seed custard apple on the worm Ascaridia galli on in vitro. This researches were pure experimental by using Lamson and Brown method submerges that have been modified by using 270 of worm femele, that devided into 9 groups treatment, which was 4 groups for ethanol extract of seed custerd apple in concentration of 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, 4 positive control groups (citrate piperazinae 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, 6 mg/mL, 8 mg/mL) and negative control group (NaCl 9 mg/mL). Each group consist of 6 petri disc and each petri disc contain 5 of worm and 25 mL solution. Anthelmintic capability is measurement observed is the mortality time rate of the worm and value LC50, that is concentration is needed for killing 50% worm population and than analysed date by one way ANOVA and continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test. The research result, shown that mortality time rate of worm after submerges by ethanol extract of seed custrad apple in concentration 10 mg/mL, 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, and. 40 mg/mL is 43,33; 38,00; 37,66 and 34,33 hours. Exactly after submerges by citrate piperazinae 4 mg/mL shown mortality time rate of worm is 34,33 hour. LC50 value of ethanol extract of seed custard apple and piperazinae citrate at 12th hour is 36,94 mg/mL and 2,26 mg/mL. Result Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) shown seed custard apple containes compounds such as from alkaloid, flavonoid and tanin. That compounds is posibility efficacious anthelmintic

Drinking Water Salinity and Maternal Health in Coastal Bangladesh: Implications of Climate Change.

Background: Drinking water from natural sources in coastal Bangladesh has become contaminated by varying degrees of salinity due to saltwater intrusion from rising sea levels, cyclone and storm surges and upstream withdrawal of freshwater. Objective: Our objective was to estimate salt intake from drinking water sources and examine environmental factors that may explain a seasonal excess of hypertension in pregnancy. Methods: Water salinity data (1998-2000) for Dacope, in rural coastal Bangladesh, were obtained from the Centre for Environment and Geographic Information System. Information on drinking water sources, 24-hour urine samples and blood pressure were obtained from 343 pregnant Dacope women during the dry season (October 2009 - March 2010). The hospital-based prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy was determined for 969 pregnant women (July 2008 - March 2010). Results: Average estimated sodium intakes from drinking water ranged from 5 to 16 g/day in the dry season, compared to 0.6 - 1.2 g/day in the rainy season. Average daily sodium excretion in urine was 3.4 g/day (range 0.4 - 7.7 g/d). Women who drank shallow tubewell water were more likely to have urine sodium > 100 mmol/d than women who drank rainwater (OR=2.05, 95% CI: 1.11 - 3.80). The annual hospital prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy was higher in the dry season (12.2%, 95% CI: 9.5 - 14.8) than the rainy season (5.1%, 95% CI: 2.91 - 7.26). Conclusions: The estimated salt intake from drinking water in this population exceeded recommended limits. The problem of saline intrusion into drinking water has multiple causes and is likely to be exacerbated by climate change induced sea-level rise