Evaluation of effect of tween 80 on characteristics of tadalafil 0.1% suspension

Tadalafil is a phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor used orally as solid dosage form. The suspension of this drug has been used for pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment in pediatrics. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of non-ionic surfactant (Tween 80) on the physical characteristics, drug particle size, and stress-shear rate rheogram of tadalafil 0.1% suspension. Several formulations prepared by xanthan gum as suspending agent. Glycerin has been used as wetting agent. The several amounts of Tween 80 were added and the characteristics of suspensions were evaluated during 6 months. The results showed the effect of surfactant on sediment volume and resuspendibility. The particle size of tadalafil was affected by surfactant amount. This result showed an optimum effect of Tween 80 on drug particle size. The viscosity behavior evaluation of tadalafil 0.1% suspension showed Tween 80 effect. This study showed that Tween 80 can dramatically affect viscosity of suspensions. The results of this study have demonstrated the effect of Tween 80 on physical properties of tadalafil 0.1% oral suspension. An ideal drug particle size was observed in particular amount of Tween 80 (0.15% w/v)

Toxic Agents Responsible for Acute Poisonings Treated at Four Medical Settings in Iran during 2012-2013: A Report from Iran's National Drug and Poison Information Center

Background: Acute poisoning has been reported to be the most common reason for hospitalization in Iran. This study was designed to delineate the toxic agents responsible for acute poisonings in Iran by reviewing poisoning cases treated at four major referral hospitals for treatment of poisoning across the country. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study on poisoned patients treated at four tertiary hospitals referral for poisoning in Iran, including Loghman Hakim Hospital (LHH) in Tehran, Imam Reza Hospital (IRH) in Mashhad, Noor and Ali Asghar Hospital (NAH) in Isfahan, and Ghaemshahr Razi Hospital (GRH) in Ghaemshahr, as reported to the National Drug and Poison Information Center during the years 2012 and 2013. Results: During the two-year study period, 61,187 poisoned patients (i.e. 32,107 patients in 2012 and 29,080 patients in 2013) were treated at the four hospitals. In these two years, 22,185 patients (36.3%) were treated at LHH, 22,160 patients (36.2%) at IRH, 10,897 patients (17.8%) at NAH and 5,945 patients (9.7%) at GRH. Cumulatively in all hospitals, the highest rate of admissions was due to drug poisoning (42,017, 68.7%), recreational substances overdose (7,302, 11.9%) and pesticide poisoning (5,217, 8.5%). Conclusion: Pharmaceutical products, substances of abuse and pesticides are the most common causes of poisoning-related admissions to referral Iranian poison treatment centers. Effective measures to reduce poisoning with these substances should be done