Role of microRNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas account for 30% of anterior pituitary tumours. Based on their inability to secrete hormones, these are often diagnosed incidentally or due to pressure symptoms. Understanding the pathogenesis of these adenomas can provide insight into factors leading to its progression and serving as biomarkers for early recognition. A literature search was performed in the current narrative review for articles published in PubMed for the last 10 years till January 2020 on micro-ribonucleic acid involved in the pathogenesis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Of the 478 articles found, 21(4.4%) were filtered. In total, 106 micro-ribonucleic acids were identified, 25(23.5%) of which appeared in more than one study. Among them, 7(28%)were up-regulated, 11(44%) down-regulated, and 7(28%) were either up- or down-regulated. Micro- ribonucleic acids allow the screening, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in a relatively easy and inexpensive manner. This can revolutionise tumour management in the years ahead, especially in resource-constrained low- and middle-income countries

SURGERY CAN BE AVOIDED IN EXTRA OCULAR AND ORBITAL MYOCYSTICERCOSIS

Aim: To study the efficacy of Albendazole in treating Extra ocular and Orbital Myocysticercosis. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective interventional  case study conducted at Department of Oculoplasty and Orbital disorder of Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital which is a tertiary care eye hospital. 6 cases of Myocysticercosis, 4 males and 2 females presented between Jan 2014 to June 2014 at department of Oculoplasty were included in the study. After clinical examination and radiological confirmation patients were given oral Albendazole 400mg bd for 3 weeks along with Tab.Prednisolone 1mg /Kg of body weight. They were evaluated clinically for control of symptoms like pain, redness and protrusion of eyeball and regression of signs like reduction in chemosis, Proptosis and tenderness. Results: All 6 cases responded to medical treatment by Albendazole and Prednisolone by total reduction in symptoms and signs thereby avoiding surgery on them. Conclusion: Ocular and Orbital Myocysticercosis respond well to medical treatment by Tab.Albendazole along with Tab. Prednisolone. Key Words: Myocysticercosis, Albendazole, Proptosis, Prednisolone

Regulating Students Behavioral Emotions: The Mediating Role of Intention and Perceived Belief Control

The objective of this study is to determine the role of perceived belief control and intention in the behavioural emotion regulation of Pakistani students. Indeed, the behaviour of every student is different from that of each other, and due to this behavioural change, every individual has a different value. A five-point Likert scale questionnaire was developed to determine the relationship between innovative machine learning behaviour and behavioural emotion regulation. The study found that innovative machine learning is critical with the mediating role of perceived belief control and intention to influence students' behavioural emotions in higher educational institutes. In the same way, the study has significant theoretical implications as it contributes to knowledge in a unique framework. Meanwhile, the practical implications of the research are also important to consider for better control and regulation of human behaviour with the help of perceived belief control and intention. The directions for future studies are also presented in the last section of the study

Role of microRNAs in non-functioning pituitary adenoma

Non-functioning pituitary adenomas account for 30% of anterior pituitary tumours. Based on their inability to secrete hormones, these are often diagnosed incidentally or due to pressure symptoms. Understanding the pathogenesis of these adenomas can provide insight into factors leading to its progression and serving as biomarkers for early recognition. A literature search was performed in the current narrative review for articles published in PubMed for the last 10 years till January 2020 on micro-ribonucleic acid involved in the pathogenesis of non-functioning pituitary adenomas. Of the 478 articles found, 21(4.4%) were filtered. In total, 106 micro-ribonucleic acids were identified, 25(23.5%) of which appeared in more than one study. Among them, 7(28%)were up-regulated, 11(44%) down-regulated, and 7(28%) were either up- or down-regulated. Micro- ribonucleic acids allow the screening, diagnosis and treatment of diseases in a relatively easy and inexpensive manner. Continuous..

Rationale use of unenhanced multi-detector CT (CT KUB) in evaluation of suspected renal colic

Objective: To assess the yield of non-contrast enhanced CT (CT KUB) across different ordering specialties and need of developing an algorithm for its rationale use. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 1550 consecutive CT KUB studies requested for suspected renal colic carried out at a single institution in a calendar year. The data was analyzed for demographic characteristics, referring clinician and final diagnosis. Only patients with CT as primary imaging for clinically suspected reno-ureteral colic were included. Departments ordering these CT KUB examinations were divided into three divisions: Urologist, emergency room (ER) physician and others. Results: Of 1550 CT KUB performed in the study period 766 met the inclusion criteria. Urologists (57%), followed by ER physicians (30%) mostly ordered the examination. The overall positive yield for urolithiasis was 64% (n = 490), rate of incidental/alternate findings was 15% (n = 116) and 21% (n = 160) were negative. Urologist has the highest positive yield of 67.4% (n = 295) followed by ER physician 67% (n = 152) and others 42.5% (n = 43); p \u3c 0.001. Rate of incidental/alternate findings was highest in CT ordered by other specialties 23.7% (n = 24) followed by ER physician 17.6% (n = 40) and urologist 11.8% (n = 52); p = 0.005. Conclusion: There is statistically significant difference of yield across specialties. CT KUB as an initial imaging modality for suspected urolithiasis should be ordered in consultation with the urologist and ER physicians. Tool of good history taking and physical examination has proved to be essential steps in algorithm of ordering CT KUB, which can avoid unnecessary radiation exposure

Index Radial Collateral Ligament Repair with Titanium Mini-Suture Anchor: Osteolysis Complication of an Underreported Injury

We are reporting on a case of an index radial collateral ligament tear repaired with a titanium Mitek bone suture anchor. The development of cystic radiographic changes and increased pain and weakness led to suture anchor removal at 10 months post-repair. Periprosthetic osteolysis due to titanium-induced osteoclastogenesis and micromotion was suspected to be the cause. This case report provides a dual focus by stressing the importance of the diagnosis and treatment of this underreported ligament tear and highlighting our osteolysis complication via the mechanism of titanium-induced osteoclastogenesis for future therapeutic preventive measures

Craniopharyngioma: A lower-middle-income-country epidemiology

Objective: To quantify the frequency of craniopharyngiomas presenting to tertiary care neurosurgical centres, the demographics and mortality rate, and commonly presenting to neurosurgical practice. Methods: Our study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients admitted at 32 neurosurgical centres between January 1, 2019, and December 31, 2019, with brain tumour. Kruskal Wallis analysis was used to determine normality; normally distributed variables were reported as means with standard deviation, while median with interquartile range was used for non-normally distributed variables. Results: Of 2750 patients with brain tumours, 114 patients presented with craniopharyngioma. The median age at diagnosis was 18 years, with 42 (42.8%) patients below the age of 15, 40 (40.9%) patients aged 15-39, and 16 (16.3%) patients aged 40 and above. There were 70 (61.4%) males and 44 (38.6%) females in our cohort. Gross total resection was performed in 42(36.8%), 45 (39.5%) underwent subtotal resection, 9 (7.9%) underwent CSF diversion only, and 2 (1.8%) had a biopsy. Most of our patients 94(82.5%) presented to public hospitals, with 20 (17.5%) patients presenting to private hospitals (p=0.002). The overall survival at two years was 86.8% in patients with known outcomes, and only 10% of patients died within 30 days of surgery. Conclusion: Craniopharyngiomas comprised a small portion of all brain tumours in our region. They are more common in males and in patients from the lower socioeconomic class. These patients mainly presented to public sector hospitals, and the three highest volume centres were all public sector institutions. The overall survival rate at two years in our region is lower than in other regions. Keywords: Craniopharyngioma, Brain neoplasm, Retrospective study, Epidemiology, LMIC. Continue..

Gender disparities in brain tumours: A Pakistan brain tumour epidemiology study analysis

Objective: To explore the differences in demographic, surgical, and prognostic characteristics between the two genders in patients with brain tumours in Pakistan. Methods: This study was a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of patients with a histopathological brain tumour diagnosis across 32 high-volume hospitals in Pakistan. The study period was from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2019. There were no restrictions on inclusion apart from time. Results: From 2750 patients enrolled in the study, 1605 (58.4%) were male, and 1142 (41.6%) were female . The median age amongst males was 36 (24-49), while the median age amongst females was 37 (24-48).  The ratio of married to unmarried patients was 2.7:1 for females and 1.3:1 for males. Surgical treatment was carried out for 1430 (58.1%) males and 1013 (41.9%) females. The median time to surgery was 25 (4-107) days for males and 31 (5-98) days for females. The greatest disparity in tumour malignancy was in grade IV gliomas. Conclusion: Males generally have a higher incidence of brain tumours in our experience, apart from meningiomas, which favour females. The mortality rate and glioblastoma incidence rate are both higher amongst males. However, post-treatment cure is also witnessed. Sociocultural norms play a prominent role in accessing healthcare. Women are generally at a disadvantage compared to their male counterparts, which may impact reporting of brain tumour cases and treatment outcomes. Keywords:  Brain neoplasms, Epidemiology, Gender equity, Retrospective study. Continue...