6-Chloro-N-(2-meth­oxy­phen­yl)pyridazin-3-amine

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C11H10ClN3O, contains two geometrically different mol­ecules, A and B, in both of which the pyridazine rings are essentially planar with r.m.s. deviations of 0.0137 and 0.0056Å, respectively. In mol­ecule A, the dihedral angle between the pyridazine and benzene rings is 6.5 (2)°, whereas in mol­ecule B it is 27.93 (7)°. In mol­ecule B, an intramolecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond forms an S(5) ring motif. In both molecules, S(6) ring motifs are present due to non-classical C—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The π–π inter­actions between the pyridazine rings of A mol­ecules [3.4740 (13) Å] and B mol­ecules [3.4786 (17) Å] have very similar centroid–centroid separations. π–π Inter­actions also occur between the benzene rings of B mol­ecules with a centroid–centroid separation of 3.676 (2) Å and a slippage of 1.02 Å. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked into chains extending along [010] by C—H⋯N and C—H⋯Cl interactions

Determinants of banking system fragility: A regional perspective.

Banking systems are fragile not only within one country but also within and across regions. We study the role of regional banking system characteristics for regional banking system fragility. We find that regional banking system fragility reduces when banks in the region jointly hold more liquid assets, are better capitalized, and when regional banking systems are more competitive. For Asia and Latin-America, a greater presence of foreign banks also reduces regional banking fragility. We further investigate the possibility of contagion within and across regions. Within region banking contagion is important in all regions but it is substantially lower in the developed regions compared to emerging market regions. For cross-regional contagion, we find that the contagion effects of Europe and the US on Asia and Latin America are significantly higher compared to the effect of Asia and Latin America among themselves. Finally, the impact of cross-regional contagion is attenuated when the host region has a more liquid and more capitalized banking sector.banking system stability; cross-regional contagion; financial integration;

Measuring Total Factor Productivity and Finding the Determinants of Total Factor Productivity at Sectoral Level: A Case Study of Pakistan

The current study has attempted to measure the total factor productivity at sectoral level. For this, the stock of capital series which was constructed by Kemal and Ahmad (1992) has been extended till 2013. The Solow residual has been calculated through growth accounting framework. The sectoral TFP is tested against the macroeconomic variables, such as human capital, openness of the economy, transfer of technology, financial development and development expenditure by the government. Using the ARDL methodology, it has been found that agriculture sector has the potential to grow provided there is investment in human capital and the agriculturists do acquire appropriate technology. The manufacturing sector TFP growth, on the other hand, not only requires further investment in human capital, it also requires diversification of the economy and its opening up to international trade transactions, financial development of the economy, and the use of technological advances in the field. The study also supports the Keynesian argument that government development expenditure is growth promoting. JCL Classification: O15, O33, O47 Keywords: Production Function, Total Factor Productivity, Growth Accounting Framework, Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model and Error Correction Mode

CO2 Emission from Oil & Gas Production - Challenges & Opportunities

The analysis in the report is related to the issue of emission of CO2 from the oil and gas companies in Pakistan. The issue was selected considering the increasing threats for the environmental sustainability that are caused due to the emission of CO2 gases on consistent basis. The variables that were chosen for the purpose of analysis were knowledge of the firm, incentives of the government, magnitude of CO2, cost and scale of CCU technology. The statistical techniques that were applied were regression, correlation and Cronbach alpha analysis. The findings that were obtained through regression and correlation illustrated a positive impact between the independent and the dependent variables. Keywords: Carbon Capture and Utilization, Awareness, Acceptance, Perception, Emissions, Greenhouse Gases, Emissions Reduction, Emissions Mitigation. DOI: 10.7176/CER/12-2-07 Publication date: February 29th 2020