13 research outputs found
King-plot analysis of isotope shifts in simple diatomic molecules
We demonstrate that the isotope shift in isotopomers of diatomic molecules,
where the nucleus of one of its constituent atoms is replaced by another
isotope, can be expressed as the sum of a field shift and a mass shift, similar
to the atomic case. We show that a linear relation holds between atomic and
molecular isotopes shifts, thus extending the King-plot analysis to molecular
isotope shifts. Optical isotope shifts in YbF and ZrO and infrared isotope
shifts in SnH are analyzed with a molecular King-plot approach, utilizing
Yb and Zr ionic isotope shifts and charge radii of Sn obtained with
non-optical methods. The changes in the mean-squared nuclear charge radii
of Yb and Zr
extracted from the molecular transitions are found to be in excellent agreement
with the values from the spectroscopy of Yb and Zr, respectively.
On the contrary, in the case of the vibrational-rotational transition in SnH,
no sensitivity to the nuclear volume could be deduced within the experimental
resolution, which makes it unsuitable for the extraction of nuclear charge
radii but provides insights into the molecular electronic wave function not
accessible via other methods. The new opportunities offered by the molecular
King-plot analysis for research in nuclear structure and molecular physics are
discussed.Comment: Accepted at Physical Review X. Link to abstract:
https://journals.aps.org/prx/accepted/be075Kf7E0c16505459d9fa833408356a593fd90
Voltage scanning and technical upgrades at the Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy experiment
To optimize the performance of the Collinear Resonance Ionization
Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at CERN-ISOLDE, technical upgrades are
continuously introduced, aiming to enhance its sensitivity, precision,
stability, and efficiency. Recently, a voltage-scanning setup was developed and
commissioned at CRIS, which improved the scanning speed by a factor of three as
compared to the current laser-frequency scanning approach. This leads to faster
measurements of the hyperfine structure for systems with high yields (more than
a few thousand ions per second). Additionally, several beamline sections have
been redesigned and manufactured, including a new field-ionization unit, a
sharper electrostatic bend, and improved ion optics. The beamline upgrades are
expected to yield an improvement of at least a factor of 5 in the
signal-to-noise ratio by suppressing the non-resonant laser ions and providing
time-of-flight separation between the resonant ions and the collisional
background. Overall, the presented developments will further improve the
selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency of the CRIS technique.Comment: 10 pages. Under review at NIM B as part of the proceedings of EMIS
2022 at RAON, South Kore
Laser spectroscopy of radioactive molecules for future searches of new physics
This work presents theoretical, experimental, and technical progress on the spectroscopy of short-lived radioactive molecules that have been identified for their great promise as probes for fundamental, nuclear, chemical, and astrophysical research. The presented doctoral work includes the study of the nuclear charge radius in molecular spectra through the derivation of the molecular King-plot analysis. Moreover, new measurements from the broadband laser spectroscopy of radium monofluoride (RaF) and actinium monofluoride (AcF) are analyzed and presented, which have been proposed for their exceptional sensitivity to nuclear, hadronic, and leptonic moments that violate parity and time-reversal symmetries. The measurements were obtained with the Collinear Resonance Ionization Spectroscopy (CRIS) experiment at ISOLDE, CERNâs radioactive ion beam facility. In the case of AcF, this thesis stands as the first work that reports spectroscopic results on the molecule, which is of interest also for research in physical chemistry and nuclear medicine. Lastly, technical developments in the form of a voltage-scanning setup and a new laser-ablation ion source for the CRIS experiment are outlined, aimed at performing faster and more sensitive molecular spectroscopy of radioactive and non-radioactive molecules in the future. The results of this work are of high importance for the development of accurate and precise molecular theory, which in turn is crucial for the future endeavors of precision spectroscopy to test the limits of the Standard Model and to search for new physics using short-lived radioactive molecules
Nuclear matter radii from molecular rotations using ultra-high-resolution spectroscopy
The rotational constant parametrizes the relative spacing between a molecule's rotational energy levels. It depends on the molecule's classical moments of inertia, which, in all studies, are expressed by treating the constituent nuclei as point masses separated by the bond length. We point out that treating the finite nuclear size leads to a correction to the rotational constant at the hertz level, which is resolvable with recently developed ultra-high-resolution molecular spectrometers. Nuclear-model-independent measurements of nuclear matter radii can thus be envisioned in the future using such apparatuses, advancing beyond the existing hadronic scattering experiments and further developing the intersection of nuclear and molecular physics. At the present time, it appears that the computational ability of ab initio quantum chemistry might be the limiting factor to the technical readiness of the approach. To test the premises of the proposed method, we call for benchmark experiments using HD+ that are feasible with state-of-the-art experiment and theory.The rotational constant parametrizes the relative spacing between a molecule's rotational energy levels. It depends on the molecule's classical moments of inertia, which, in all studies, are expressed by treating the constituent nuclei as point masses separated by the bond length. We point out that treating the finite nuclear size leads to a correction to the rotational constant at the Hz level, which is resolvable with recently developed ultra-high-resolution molecular spectrometers. Nuclear-model-independent measurements of nuclear matter radii can thus be envisioned in the future using such apparatuses, advancing beyond the existing hadronic scattering experiments and further developing the intersection of nuclear and molecular physics. In the present time, it appears that the computational ability of ab initio quantum chemistry might be the limiting factor to the technical readiness of the approach. To test the premises of the proposed method, we call for benchmark experiments using HD+ that are feasible with state-of-the-art experiment and theory
On the Feasibility of Rovibrational Laser Cooling of Radioactive RaF+ and RaH+ Cations
Polar radioactive molecules have been suggested to be exceptionally sensitive systems
in the search for signatures of symmetry-violating effects in their structure. Radium monofluoride
(RaF) possesses an especially attractive electronic structure for such searches, as the diagonality of its
Franck-Condon matrix enables the implementation of direct laser cooling for precision experiments.
To maximize the sensitivity of experiments with short-lived RaF isotopologues, the molecular beam
needs to be cooled to the rovibrational ground state. Due to the high kinetic energies and internal
temperature of extracted beams at radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities, in-flight rovibrational cooling
would be restricted by a limited interaction timescale. Instead, cooling techniques implemented on
ions trapped within a radiofrequency quadrupole cooler-buncher can be highly efficient due to the
much longer interaction times (up to seconds). In this work, the feasibility of rovibrationally cooling
trapped RaF+ and RaH+ cations with repeated laser excitation is investigated. Due to the highly
diagonal nature between the ionic ground state and states in the neutral system, any reduction of the
internal temperature of the molecular ions would largely persist through charge-exchange without
requiring the use of cryogenic buffer gas cooling. Quasirelativistic X2C and scalar-relativistic ECP
calculations were performed to calculate the transition energies to excited electronic states and to
study the nature of chemical bonding for both RaF+ and RaH+. The results indicate that optical
manipulation of the rovibrational distribution of trapped RaF+ and RaH+ is unfeasible due to the
high electronic transition energies, which lie beyond the capabilities of modern laser technology.
However, more detailed calculations of the structure of RaH+ might reveal possible laser-cooling
pathways
Ab initio study of electronic states and radiative properties of the AcF molecule
Relativistic coupled-cluster calculations of the ionization potential,
dissociation energy, and excited electronic states under 35,000 cm are
presented for the actinium monofluoride (AcF) molecule. The ionization
potential is calculated to be IP cm, and the ground state is
confirmed to be a closed-shell singlet and thus strongly sensitive to the
,-violating nuclear Schiff moment of the Ac nucleus.
Radiative properties and transition dipole moments from the ground state are
identified for several excited states, achieving an uncertainty of 450
cm for the excitation energies. For higher-lying states that are not
directly accessible from the ground state, possible two-step excitation
pathways are proposed. The calculated branching ratios and Franck-Condon
factors are used to investigate the suitability of AcF for direct laser
cooling. The lifetime of the metastable state, which can be
used in experimental searches of the electric dipole moment of the electron, is
estimated to be of order 1 ms
Ab initio study of electronic states and radiative properties of the AcF molecule
Relativistic coupled-cluster calculations of the ionization potential, dissociation energy, and excited electronic states under 35â000 cmâ1 are presented for the actinium monofluoride (AcF) molecule. The ionization potential is calculated to be IPe = 48â866 cmâ1, and the ground state is confirmed to be a closed-shell singlet and thus strongly sensitive to the T,P-violating nuclear Schiff moment of the Ac nucleus. Radiative properties and transition dipole moments from the ground state are identified for several excited states, achieving a mean uncertainty estimate of âŒ450 cmâ1 for the excitation energies. For higher-lying states that are not directly accessible from the ground state, possible two-step excitation pathways are proposed. The calculated branching ratios and FranckâCondon factors are used to investigate the suitability of AcF for direct laser cooling. The lifetime of the metastable (1)3Î1 state, which can be used in experimental searches of the electric dipole moment of the electron, is estimated to be of order 1 ms