2,4 Diklorofenoksi Asetik Asit’in Sazanlarda (Cyprinus carpio) Kritik Yüzme Hızı ve Hematoloji Parametreleri Üzerine Etkilerinin Araştırılması

2,4-D (Diklorofenoksi Asetik Asit) herbisiti klorlandırılmış fenoksi asit grubuna girmektedir. Halka açık alanlardaki çimlerde ve tarım arazilerinde, yol kenarlarında geniş yapraklı bitkilerle akuatik bitkilerin kontrolünde yaygın tercih edilir. Çok geniş bir yayılım alanı olduğu için insan ve çevre sağlığı açısından tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada; 2.4-D Diklorofenoksi asetik asit pestisitinin farklı dozlarının (0,35 mg/lt ve 0,70 mg/lt) sazan (Cyprinus carpio) balıklarında 7-14 ve 21. günlerde sub-lethal etkileri hematolojik parametreler [hemoglobin (HGB), hemotokrit (HCT), eritrosit (RBC), lökosit (WBC), trombosit (PLT), ortalama eritrosit hacmi (MCV), eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin miktarı (MCH), eritrosit başına düşen ortalama hemoglobin konsantrasyonu (MCHC)] ve yüzme performansı analizleri ile araştırılmıştır. Hematolojik parametrelerden lökosit, trombosit, MCV ve MCHC değerleri için doz, zaman ve doz x zaman interaksiyon etkileri önemli olarak belirlenmiş (p lt;0,05) diğer parametreler için de ana varyasyon kaynakların etkileri önemli bulunmuştur (p lt;0,05). Kritik yüzme hızı sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde ise kontrol ve uygulama grupları arasında değişimlerin olduğu ancak bu değişimlerin önemsiz olduğu belirlenmiştir (p lt;0,05)

Promjene u razini ugljikove anhidraze i histopatologiji škrga i jetre kalifornijske pastrve nakon izlaganja klorpirifosu

Chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This study investigated its effects on carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme activity and histopathology of rainbow trout gill and liver. The fish were exposed to 2.25 (25 % of 96 h LC50), 4.5 (50 % of 96 h LC50), and 6.75 μg L-1 (75 % of 96 h LC50) of chlorpyrifos for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. CA activity was measured in liver and gills and histopathological changes were examined by light microscopy. The most common liver changes at most of the chlorpyrifos concentrations were hyperaemia and degenerative changes. Gill tissues were characterised by lamellar hyperaemia, lamellar oedemas, clumping, cellular degeneration, hyperplasia, and lamellar atrophy. CA enzyme activity in the gills decreased at all concentrations at 48, 72, and 96 h after exposure to chlorpyrifos (p<0.05). Similarly, there was a time-dependent decrease in CA activity at all of the concentrations in liver tissues (p<0.05). The present study indicated that chlorpyrifos inhibits CA enzyme activity and causes histopathological damage in gill and liver tissues.Klorpirifos je organofosforni pesticid široke primjene u poljoprivredi i ribarstvu. U ovome radu istražili smo njegov učinak na aktivnost enzima ugljikove anhidraze te histopatologiju škrga i jetre u kalifornijske pastrve. Ribe su bile izložene klorpirifosu u koncentracijama 2,25 μg L-1 (25 % 96-satnog LC50), 4,5 μg L-1 (50 % 96-satnog LC50) i 6,75 μg L-1 (75 % 96-satnog LC50) tijekom 24, 48, 72 i 96 sati. Aktivnost ugljikove anhidraze mjerena je u jetri i škrgama, a histopatološke promjene promatrane su svjetlosnom mikroskopijom. Najčešće promjene u jetri pri većini koncentracija bile su hiperemija i degenerativne promjene. Na tkivu škrga primijećeni su hiperemija i edemi u škržnim listićima, sljepljivanje i degeneracija stanica, hiperplazija te atrofija škržnih listića. Aktivnost ugljikove anhidraze u škrgama smanjila se pri svim koncentracijama nakon 48, 72 i 96 sati izloženosti (p<0.05). Također je uočeno i smanjenje aktivnosti ugljikove anhidraze u jetri ovisno o duljini izloženosti pri svim koncentracijama (p<0.05). Dobiveni rezultati upućuju na to da klorpirifos inhibira aktivnost ugljikove anhidraze i izaziva značajna histopatološka oštećenja u škrgama i jetri

A solution for fillet quality: Slaughter age's effect on protein mechanism and oxidation

Physico-chemical properties of fish flesh are reliable predictors of fillet quality and nutritional value. In our study, the age-related variations of the chemical composition, pH, water activity (aw), water holding capacity (WHC), color and texture analysis, protein thermal stability, myofibrillar fragmentation index (MFI), glycogen content, protein oxidation and protein profiles were investigated in Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout) fillet. The results revealed that protein denaturation temperatures (Tmax1 and Tmax2) decreased by 2 % and 11.6 % depending on fish age. Tmax1 and Tmax2 values in the same groups were raised 71 % at 11 months' fish and this increase was 58 % at 23 months’ fish. An age-related reduction by 66.6 % and 31.25 % was noticed for protein oxidation markers sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds. MFI value increased by 86.6 % connected with age. The characteristics of fish meat quality are complex and are influenced by various factors that affect the degree of freshness of the product and its acceptance in the market. Taking into account the different demands of the consumer, this study has shown that age at slaughter has an impact on final product quality and that the recommended age at slaughter, taking into account market weight, positively affects meat quality

Microplastic pollution in Turkish aquatic ecosystems: Sources, characteristics, implications, and mitigation strategies

Aquatic environments are one of the final destinations for microplastics. In this review, a combination of systematic and narrative literature review was conducted to identify and summarise advances, gaps, and future directions in microplastic monitoring studies in the Turkish aquatic environment and in inhabiting aquatic organisms. A total of 62 peer-reviewed publications available on Web of Science were considered in the systematic review. Additionally, the current state of microplastic pollution in Turkish aquatic environments which includes marine and freshwater ecosystems, as well as aquatic organisms, and sources and characteristics of microplastics were reviewed narratively. Turkiye's position on the global plastic treaty and mitigation practices were also addressed. Although an increase in the number of publications over time was observed, the number and extent of studies carried out in freshwater ecosystems are limited. Strict legislation should be enacted and enforced to tackle plastic pollution in Turkiye. Additionally, nationwide, long-term monitoring studies at sufficiently regular intervals in aquatic environments should be considered

Alterations in Hematological Parameters of Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Exposed to DDVP

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of a sublethal dose (1.6 mg/l) of DDVP (dichlor- vos) on hematological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after 28 days of exposure. The DDVP caused increases in the red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, ery- throcyte sedimentation rate, mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin con- centration (MCHC). On the other hand, it decreased thrombocyte (Plt), hematocrit (packed cell volume), and mean corpuscular volume. The only statistically significant differences between exposed and unexposed fish were in white blood cell count and MCHC

Water Quality in Tortum Stream and its Tributaries (Erzurum/Turkey)

This study was undertaken with the aim of determining the effects of domestic waste and hydroelectric dams on water quality in the Tortum Stream and its tributaries. Water samples were taken monthly from nine sampling points of Tortum Stream and its tributaries between July 2012 and May 2013. Analyzed for temperature (°C), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), alkalinity, Ca, total hardness, sulfate (SO4), ammonia-nitrogen (N-NH3−), nitrite-nitrogen (N-NO2−) and nitrate nitrogen (N-NO3−) as well as total phosphorus (TP), total orthophosphate (TO), total iron and silica (SiO2) were carried out. Physical and chemical characteristics of Tortum Stream and its tributaries which were examined according to the Water Framework Directive and the Water Pollution Control Regulations. It can be said that the stream has a low water quality standard except for water temperature, dissolved oxygen and sulfate. The results showed that Tortum Stream and tributaries are under threat because of domestic waste, fertilizers and hydroelectric constructions