Enhancement of Conversion using Ceramic Membrane in Esterification of Acrylic Acid with Butanol

WOS: 000447836700023The esterification reaction between butanol and acrylic acid was performed in a batch reactor coupled with ceramic membrane. The tubular ceramic membrane was used to selectively remove water which coursed during the reaction. Due to water removal, equilibrium shifted to the product side and conversion of acrylic acid increased. The effects of some process parameters such as temperature, catalyst loading, molar ratio of reactants on conversion of acrylic acid and flux of water were investigated. Especially, the increases in temperature facilities increase in conversion of acrylic acid markedly.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110 M 462]; EBILTEM (Research and Application Center of Science and Technology)Ege University [2012 BIL 022]The authors acknowledge the financial supports from TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) under project no. 110 M 462, from EBILTEM (Research and Application Center of Science and Technology) under project no. 2012 BIL 022

Application of Green Catalysts for the Esterification of Benzoic Acid with Different Alcohols

In this study, three different catalysts were applied as catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol, butanol and hexanol. These catalysts are ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, ion exchange resin. Amberlyst 15, ion exchange resin, was used as control catalyst to observe the catalytic activity of new generation solvent, deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvents show the similar properties with ionic liquids and have great attraction due to ease of preparation, low cost and environmentally friendly nature. They have many advantages such as reusability, stability, catalytically activity and removal of the reaction mixture. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are composed hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). It has lower freezing point than that of individual constituents. In this study, p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) was used as HBD, benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride (BTEAC) was used as HBA. DES formed by p-TSA and BTEAC was used as dual solventcatalyst for esterification of benzoic acid with different alcohols. DES gave high catalytic activity among three different catalysts, 88.3, 87.8 and 67.5% conversion of benzoic acid for ethanol, butanol and hexanol, respectively. The effects of time, temperature, alcohol type and catalyst type were investigated in a batch reactor at specified conditions. It was found that DES provided the simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzoic acid esterIn this study, three different catalysts were applied as catalysts for esterification of benzoic acid with ethanol, butanol and hexanol. These catalysts are ionic liquid, deep eutectic solvent, ion exchange resin. Amberlyst 15, ion exchange resin, was used as control catalyst to observe the catalytic activity of new generation solvent, deep eutectic solvent. Deep eutectic solvents show the similar properties with ionic liquids and have great attraction due to ease of preparation, low cost and environmentally friendly nature. They have many advantages such as reusability, stability, catalytically activity and removal of the reaction mixture. Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are composed hydrogen bond donor (HBD) and hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA). It has lower freezing point than that of individual constituents. In this study, p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) was used as HBD, benzyl tri-ethyl ammonium chloride (BTEAC) was used as HBA. DES formed by p-TSA and BTEAC was used as dual solventcatalyst for esterification of benzoic acid with different alcohols. DES gave high catalytic activity among three different catalysts, 88.3, 87.8 and 67.5% conversion of benzoic acid for ethanol, butanol and hexanol, respectively. The effects of time, temperature, alcohol type and catalyst type were investigated in a batch reactor at specified conditions. It was found that DES provided the simple, efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of benzoic acid este

Effect of temperature and catalyst type on the catalytic combustion of formaldehyde

WOS: 000338928400007In this study, the catalytic combustion of a volatile organic compound (VOC) namely formaldehyde on manganese oxide catalysts supported on silica or alumina, and on an industrial catalyst, i.e. a mixture of copper oxide and zinc oxide, was studied in the temperature range 125-225 degrees C. Formaldehyde was used as the aqueous solution. It was found that as the temperature was increased, the combustion of the produced and feed formaldehyde was enhanced whereas methanol combustion decreased. Also, the degree of conversion increased with the percentage of MnO in the catalysts.Ege University, Chemical Engineering Department, Izmir-TurkeyEge UniversityThis study was held and supported by the Ege University, Chemical Engineering Department, Izmir-Turkey

n-Butyl acrylate production by esterification of acrylic acid with n-butanol combined with pervaporation

WOS: 000338623700005In this study, the esterification reaction of acrylic acid and n-butanol to produce n-butyl acrylate and water was studied using the pervaporation-esterification hybrid process to perform the separation and reaction simultaneously to increase the conversion of limiting reactant. A Pervap 2201 polymeric membrane was used to separate water and also to shift the equilibrium. The Pervap 2201 membrane showed high selectivity to water in the n-butanol, acrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate, and water reaction system. The effects of temperature, the initial molar ratio of n-butanol to acrylic acid, catalyst loading, and the ratio of membrane area to reaction volume (S/V) were studied. The maximum conversion of acrylic acid was calculated as 96.3% at a temperature of 358 K, a molar ratio of 8, with a catalyst loading of 10 g/L and an S/V ratio of 70 m(-1). (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110M 462]; EBILTEM (Research and Application Center of Science and Technology)Ege University [2012 BIL 022]The authors acknowledge the financial supports from TUBITAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey) under grant no. 110M 462, from EBILTEM (Research and Application Center of Science and Technology) under grant no. 2012 BIL 022

Effect of Hydrogen Bond Donor on the Physical Properties of Benzyltriethylammonium Chloride Based Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their Usage in 2-Ethyl-Hexyl Acetate Synthesis as a Catalyst

WOS: 000399436000003Deep eutectic solvents (DES) containing benzyl triethylammonium chloride (BTEAC) as a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) and p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), citric acid (CA), and oxalic acid (OX) as a hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were formed at their respective eutectic points. The physical properties such as pH, ionic conductivity, viscosity, density, and refractive index were measured between 293 and 333 K. Viscosity values as low as 0.21 Pa.s and conductivity values as high as 8 mS/cm were achieved, where the pH values of each DES proved to be extremely low. The effect of HBD on the physical properties was investigated and was found to be very significant. Also, the catalytic application of BTEAC based DES in the esterification reaction of the acetic acid with 2-ethyl-hexanol was studied, and the activation energy was obtained using initial reaction rates. The results showed that very high initial reaction rates and low activation energy can be achieved when catalyzed by DES which was formed using BTEAC and PTSA.TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [213 M 643]; Ege University scientific research projectEge University [15MUH009]; EBILTEM scientific research project [2015/BIL/026]This study was supported by TUBITAK (213 M 643), by Ege University 15MUH009 and EBILTEM 2015/BIL/026 scientific research projects