Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis in Mexico: morphological and molecular identification using the cytochrome oxidase I gene

Myiasis caused by Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, is frequent in the Americas, however, scarce morphological and molecular information exist regarding this dipteran. We describe three cases in urban areas of Mexico were D. hominis is not endemic. Morphological and genetic identification were performed using the cytochrome oxidase I as a molecular marker. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene is useful for inferring the genetic divergence of D. hominis

Evidence‐based treatment for gynoid lipodystrophy: A review of the recent literature

Resumen La lipodistrofia ginoide (LDG) es una alteracion estructural, inflamatoria y bioquımica del tejido subcutaneo que causa modificaciones topograficas en la piel. Conocida comunmente como “celulitis”, la LDG afecta hasta a 90% de las mujeres, practicamente en todas las etapas de la vida, iniciando en la pubertad. Se trata de una condicion que afecta considerablemente la calidad de vida de quien la padece. Es motivo frecuente de consulta aunque las pacientes recurren a tratamientos empıricos, improvisados, sin bases ni evidencia cientıfica, los cuales desmotivan y producen frustracion no solo por su falta de resultados, sino por complicaciones derivadas de dichos tratamientos. Un grupo de expertos de diversas especialidades involucradas en el manejo de este problema presenta en este artıculo el resultado de una busqueda bibliografica sistematica y de la discusion consensuada de la evidencia obtenida de diversos tratamientos disponibles actualmente. El analisis se dividio en tratamientos topicos, tratamientos sistemicos, tratamientos no invasivos y tratamientos mınimamente invasivos

Tinea Unguium: Diagnosis and Treatment in Practice

Onychomycosis is caused by dermatophytes, yeasts or non-dermatophyte molds; when caused by dermatophytes, it is called tinea unguium. The main etiological agents are Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton interdigitale. The most frequent types are distal and lateral subungual onychomycosis. Diagnosis usually requires mycological laboratory confirmation. Dermoscopy can be helpful and also biopsy is an excellent diagnostic method in uncommon cases or when mycological test is negative. Treatment must be chosen according to clinical type, number of affected nails and severity. The goal for antifungal therapy is the clearing of clinical signs or mycological cure

Pressure alopecias: a review

Pressure-induced alopecias (PA) are an infrequent group of scarring and non-scarring alopecias that occur after ischemic obstruction of capillaries that leads to circumscribed areas of hair loss. Initially described after prolonged surgeries or immobilization, Type 1 PA occurs after sustained external pressure to the skin, mainly the scalp prominences. Alopecia induced by cosmetic procedures, referred in this review as Type 2 PA, is reported with increased frequency in literature and predominantly emerges from pressure exerted by the volume of injectables. It is important to differentiate Type 2 PA from vascular occlusion-induced alopecia, as they represent distinct entities. Clinically, PA may present with erythema, swelling, and tenderness; however, alopecia might be the sole manifestation. Crusts and ulceration are associated with a worse outcome and a higher risk for scarring alopecia. Prompt diagnosis is paramount to prevent complications. Trichoscopy, although considered non-specific, may provide relevant clues for an accurate diagnosis. Hair regrows in most cases, but prognosis depends on ischemia severity and timely treatment with reperfusion therapies or mobilization. Treatment for hair loss is usually not necessary, as the disease in most cases is self-limited and reversible. The role of topical minoxidil and corticosteroids remains unknown

The Hair Shedding Visual Scale: A Quick Tool to Assess Hair Loss in Women

Hair shedding is a common consequence of the normal hair cycle that changes with internal and external factors. Female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is difficult to assess in terms of shedding severity as the conscious perception of hair shedding varies according to each individual, and most utilized methods are semi-invasive or very time consuming. In this study, we establish and validate a hair-shedding scale for women with thick hair of different lengths. A visual analog scale was developed for thick hair of short, medium, and long lengths by dividing a bundle of hairs of each length into nine piles of increasing hair amount that were then photographed and arranged in order of size. Twenty women with no FPHL with each length of hair (60 total) were asked to select the photographed hair bundle that best correlated with the amount of hair they shed on an average day. A total of 94 women with FPHL with excessive shedding were then asked to repeat the same process. Women with no FPHL and short, medium and long hair had mean shedding scores of 2.5, 2.35 and 2.4, respectively. Women with FPHL and short, medium and long hair had mean shedding scores of 7.25, 7.0 and 7.14, respectively. Statistically significant Spearman's ρ coefficient and κ coefficient demonstrated correlation and inter-observer reliability. Our results show that women with FPHL not only shed considerable hair more than women with no FPHL, but that this hair-shedding visual scale is a fast and effective method of evaluating hair-shedding amounts in an office setting

The Hair Shedding Visual Scale: A Quick Tool to Assess Hair Loss in Women

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