Factors that affect motivation towards english language acquisition in seventh grade students of a public elementary school in Parral

Tesis (Magíster en la enseñanza del inglés como lengua extranjera)The research presents the results of the identification and analysis of factors that characterize the motivation for the English Foreign Language Acquisition of seventh year students who belong to a Public Elementary school of Parral, seventh region, Maule in Chile. To investigate the factors that influence students’ motivation a mixed method research was carried out. The data was collected and analysed through qualitative approach and organized and presented in a quantitative manner represented by graphics. The information was compiled by two previously validated instruments, which consisted of a questionnaire for the teachers of the different subjects of the class and the psychosocial team who works with the students. A personal interview was applied to each student. Two major conclusions were obtained from the results of the analysis of the data collection; firstly students present a lack of motivation towards the subject of English as a Foreign Language as a product of the sociocultural environment in which they are immersed, secondly learners are exposed to language learning from puberty and not from the beginning of their first learning stages as postulates the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH).La investigación presenta los resultados de la identificación y análisis de los factores que caracterizan la motivación hacia la adquisición del inglés como lengua extranjera de alumnos de séptimo año básico pertenecientes a un colegio básico y público de la comuna de Parral, séptima región del Maule en Chile. Para investigar los factores que inciden en la motivación de los estudiantes se utilizó un enfoque mixto tanto cualitativo para la recolección y análisis de los datos y cuantitativo para la organización y presentación de la información representada en gráficos. La obtención de la información se hizo mediante dos instrumentos previamente validados, los cuales consistieron en un cuestionario para los profesores de los diferentes sectores de aprendizaje del curso y para el equipo sicosocial que trabaja con los estudiantes. Una entrevista personal fue aplicada a cada alumno. Dos grandes conclusiones se obtuvieron del resultado del análisis de la recolección de datos; la primera es la falta de motivación de los alumnos hacia la asignatura de inglés como lengua extranjera producto del entorno sociocultural en el cual están inmersos y la segunda es que los alumnos son expuestos al aprendizaje de la lengua desde el inicio de la pubertad y no desde sus primeras etapas de aprendizaje como postula la hipótesis del período crítico

Antioxidant Nanoparticles as Delivery Systems

The goal of the study was to develop antioxidant polymeric nanoparticles as a new delivery system for food and pharmaceutical applications. Natural antioxidants like alpha-tocopherol, vitamin C, and carnosine, are responsible to protect biological systems against free radicals attack. The conjugation of vitamin C-vitamin E (EC) and alpha-tocopherol-carnosine (VECAR) were performed to obtain antioxidant surfactants which were used for polymeric nanoparticle synthesis. The surfactant made of á-tocopherol (vitamin E) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) of antioxidant properties dubbed as EC was used to make poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles. Self-assembled EC nanostructures and PLGA-EC nanoparticles were made by nanoprecipitation, and the nanoparticle physical properties were studied at different salt concentrations, surfactant concentrations, and polymer:surfactant ratios. EC was soluble in polar solvents, and Span 80 was selected as a control due to its similar surfactant properties. The PLGA-EC nanoparticles and EC surfactant showed antioxidant activity based on DPPH technique and EPR study, which is not characteristics to commercially available Span80. The newly synthesized EC surfactant was found successful in forming uniform, small size polymeric nanoparticles of intrinsic antioxidant properties. The next step was to synthesize VECAR, an antioxidant molecule made of carnosine and alpha-tocopherol derivative. The designed molecule looks for protection of low density lipoproteins (LDL) from oxidation by placing at the LDL interface two potent natural antioxidants. The LDL protection can impact the development and outcome of atherosclerosis. The approach followed was to use the phytyl chain as active site for coupling of carnosine. The synthesis process involved 8 steps starting with esterification of Trolox and finishing with the deprotection of the hydroxyl group of the alpha-tocopherol moiety. The antioxidant behavior of VECAR (0.0236 mM) was tested by DPPH assay which showed values similar to pure alpha-tocopherol (0.0229 mM). The values suggested full recovery of the active hydroxyl group of the alpha-tocopherol derivative. More studies are needed to test antioxidant behavior in the presence of lipids and ability of VECAR to protect LDL oxidation in vitro; in vivo analysis of LDL oxidation in the presence of VECAR is required to understand the fate of VECAR in more complex and real systems

Synthesis of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles with entrapped magnetite

The goal of the research was to synthesize magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) under 100 nm in diameter, for future drug delivery applications. The thesis is divided into two main sections. In the first section, a quantitative, and comprehensive description of the top-down synthesis techniques available for poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) formation is provided, as well as the techniques commonly used for nanoparticle characterization. In the second part, a novel way to form MPNPs is presented. The emulsion evaporation method was selected as the method of choice to form poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles with entrapped magnetite (Fe3O4) in the polymeric matrix, in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a surfactant. The magnetite, a water soluble compound, was surface functionalized with oleic acid to ensure its efficient entrapment in the PLGA matrix. The inclusion of magnetite with oleic acid (MOA) into the PLGA nanoparticles was accomplished in the organic phase. Synthesis was followed by dialysis, performed to eliminate the excess SDS, and lyophilization. The nanoparticles obtained ranged in size between 38.6 nm and 67.1 nm for naked PLGA nanoparticles, and from 78.8 to 115.1 nm for MOA entrapped PLGA nanoparticles. The entrapment efficiency ranged from 57.36% to 91.9%. The SDS remaining in the nanoparticles varied from 51.02% to 88.77%

La percepción de los profesionales de la educación de un establecimiento municipal en torno al decreto N° 83, con estudiantes de necesidades educativas especiales de carácter transitorio

Tesis (Profesor de Educación General Básica, Licenciado en Educación)La presente investigación pretende analizar la percepción de los profesionales de la Educación en torno a los criterios del Decreto 83, con estudiantes de necesidades educativas especiales de carácter transitorio, en un establecimiento de dependencia Municipal, ubicado en la Comuna de Las Condes. Para llevar a cabo dicha investigación se elaboró un instrumento correspondiente a una entrevista en profundidad con seis profesionales de la Educación. El objetivo central es analizar la percepción de estos profesionales respecto al Decreto 83. Finalmente, se pretende analizar si existe el trabajo colaborativo con respecto a estos seis profesionales de la educación dentro del aula. Esta investigación es cualitativa, ya que tiene el propósito de explorar las diversas opiniones de cada uno de estos seis profesionales, apuntando a la realidad de éstos a partir de su propio contexto. Su enfoque es inductivo, por lo cual la teoría emerge de la recolección de datos del instrumento que aquí se presenta. Con esta investigación, se espera poder contribuir en temas tan relevantes como la inclusión educativa y, así, estimular a futuras investigaciones

Analysis of Different Types of Regret in Continuous Noisy Optimization

The performance measure of an algorithm is a crucial part of its analysis. The performance can be determined by the study on the convergence rate of the algorithm in question. It is necessary to study some (hopefully convergent) sequence that will measure how "good" is the approximated optimum compared to the real optimum. The concept of Regret is widely used in the bandit literature for assessing the performance of an algorithm. The same concept is also used in the framework of optimization algorithms, sometimes under other names or without a specific name. And the numerical evaluation of convergence rate of noisy algorithms often involves approximations of regrets. We discuss here two types of approximations of Simple Regret used in practice for the evaluation of algorithms for noisy optimization. We use specific algorithms of different nature and the noisy sphere function to show the following results. The approximation of Simple Regret, termed here Approximate Simple Regret, used in some optimization testbeds, fails to estimate the Simple Regret convergence rate. We also discuss a recent new approximation of Simple Regret, that we term Robust Simple Regret, and show its advantages and disadvantages.Comment: Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference 2016, Jul 2016, Denver, United States. 201

Don Diego Esteban de Arçe y Astete... Corregidor y Capitan à guerra de esta Ciudad de Segovia... Hago saber à las justicias de... como aviendose presentado peticion por Don Francisco Zufia, Sargento Mayor de las Milicias de este Partido, en que pidiò su pusiessen en el numero que debian estar dichas Milicias, obligando à las Villa, y Lugares à que sorteassen aquel numero de soldados... à lo qual proveì el Auto del tenor siguiente...

Copia digital. Valladolid : Junta de Castilla y León. Consejería de Cultura y Turismo, 2009-2010Tit. tomado de inicio de texto.Firma ms. a fin de texto de Diego Esteban de Arçe Astete.Se ha respetado la grafía original.Texto fechado en 1705Primera p. imp. en papel sellado.Inicial grab. calc

Influencia del Contenido de biodiésel en Gasóleo en el rendimiento térmico de un motor diésel ligero ensayado en Tráfico real.

La utilización de biocombustibles derivados de aceites vegetales es una opción válida para contribuir a la reducción de emisiones de CO2 y extender la vida de los combustibles convencionales. El biodiésel (mezcla de ésteres metílicos de ácidos grasos) mezclado con gasóleo en motores diesel es una opción ya conocida, pero el análisis del comportamiento del motor en un vehículo ligero en tráfico real es aun un tema poco investigado. El objeto de esta ponencia es presentar la metodología de ensayo y los resultados obtenidos en un trabajo de investigación sobre el efecto que la variación del porcentaje de biodiesel en gasóleo tiene en las prestaciones del motor y su rendimiento térmico en tráfico urbano real. Las medidas se han realizado con equipos embarcados en un vehículo y utilizando el biodiesel producido en la Universidad de la Frontera en Temuco (Chile) mezclado en proporciones diferentes con gasóleo suministrado por Repsolypf, S.A., caracterizado en laboratorio. Los ensayos se han realizado en la ciudad de Madrid con un SEAT León TDI 2.0 con un solo conductor y aplicado dos estilos de conducción diferentes: agresiva y eficiente, caracterizadas según trabajos anteriores. Los resultados obtenidos en consumo de combustible no son los que cabía esperar en base al poder calorífico y la densidad de la mezcla, y no siguen los obtenidos en otras investigaciones realizadas en banco de pruebas. Para explicar esta discrepancia se aportan los resultados de un estudio de la energía aportada por el motor en cada instante seguido de una análisis estadístico de todo el volumen de datos obtenidos para presentar los resultados en una nueva forma que muestra cómo la potencia demandada en el vehículo es menor y el rendimiento térmico del motor diesel mejora al aumentar el porcentaje de biodiesel

Inbreeding depression in maize populations of reduced size

A endogamia é um fenômeno bastante conhecido nos seres vivos e sua consequência imediata é o decréscimo na expressão de caracteres quantitativos, conhecido por depressão por endogamia. A autofecundação é o sistema mais comum de endogamia nas espécies vegetais; entretanto, pouco tem sido estudado com outros sistemas menos severos de endogamia, como o que resulta de pequeno tamanho populacional. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo o estudo do efeito da endogamia em caracteres quantitativos, como conseqüência da redução do tamanho de população sob panmixia. Três populações de milho (Zea mays L.) foram utilizadas neste estudo: P1 -- ITA, população derivada da variedade IAC-Taiúba; P2 -- representada por 30 subpopulações previamente submetidas a tamanho reduzido (N = 5); P3 - população derivada do híbrido interpopulacional ESALQ-PB2 x ESALQ-PB3. As subpopulações e as respectivas populações parentais foram avaliadas em seis experimentos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições em Piracicaba (SP) e Anhembi (SP) entre os anos de 1997 e 1999. Foram obtidas estimativas de depressão por endogamia e dos componentes de médias para as duas gerações nas três populações para os caracteres: altura da planta, altura da espiga, comprimento da espiga, diâmetro da espiga, peso de espigas e peso de grãos. Em todas as populações, para todos os caracteres e gerações de amostragem, as médias das subpopulações foram menores do que as médias das populações base, porém os níveis de depressão por endogamia foram menores do que o esperado. A partir das estimativas dos componentes A (média esperada de linhagens totalmente homozigóticas) e d (contribuição dos heterozigotos para a média), foi estimada a relação A/d, com valores maiores que 1,0 para todos os caracteres e populações.Inbreeding is a well known phenomenon in living beings and its immediate consequence is the decrease in the expression of quantitative traits, known as inbreeding depression. Selfing is the most common system of inbreeding in plant species; however, little has been studied with other less severe inbreeding systems, such that resulting from small population sizes. The present work consisted of the study of the inbreeding effect on quantitative traits as a consequence of reduced population size under panmixy. Three maize (Zea mays L.) populations were used in this study: P1 -- ITA, population derived from the variety IAC-Taiúba; P2 -- represented by 30 subpopulations already submmited to reduced size (N = 5); and P3 - population derived from the interpopulation cross ESALQ-PB2 x ESALQ-PB3. The subpopulations and the respective parental populations were evaluated in six experiments using completely randomized blocks with four replications in Piracicaba (SP) and Anhembi (SP), Brazil, from 1997 to 1999. Estimates of inbreeding depression and components of means were obtained for the two generations in the three populations for the following traits: plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, and yield traits (total ear weight and total grain weight). In all populations and for all traits and sampling generations, means of subpopulations were always smaller than mean of the base populations, however the inbreeding depression levels were smaller than expected. The highest inbreeding depression was exhibited by the yield traits, while a very small depressive effect was observed for plant height and ear height in the first generation of reduced size in populations P1 and P3. The component A (expected mean of a random sample of completely homozygous lines) was always higher than d (contribution of the heterozygotes to the mean) for all traits and populations

Complicación de parto gemelar en domicilio Nivel I -4 de Provincia de Oyon– Lima - 2017

Objetivo: Analizar las complicaciones del parto gemelar en domicilioen nivel I-4 de la provincia de Oyón y el manejo oportuno para salvar la vida de la gestante. Metodología: El tipo y el diseño de investigación empleado es el descriptivo narrativo, datos de la historia clínica con diagnóstico inicial multigesta de 37 semanas con Embarazo Gemelar, después con diagnostico puérpera inmediata de parto domiciliario, reanimación cardiopulmonar, shock hipovolémico, transfusión sanguínea y anemia severa con un hematocrito de 15% y con resto placentarios Resultados: Puérpera inmediata, compensada con cristaloides y coloides, con reanimación cardiopulmonar tres veces, con transfusión sanguínea directa con donante voluntario, post legrado uterino y estabilizada. Conclusión: Las complicaciones severas de hemorragias durante el parto gemelar en domicilio: shock hipovolémico, anemia severa y muerte del recién nacido.Trabajo academic