Exercices de style: A homotopy theory for set theory II

This is the second part of a work initiated in \cite{GaHa}, where we constructed a model category, \Qt, for set theory. In the present paper we use this model category to introduce homotopy-theoretic intuitions to set theory. Our main observation is that the homotopy invariant version of cardinality is the covering number of Shelah's PCF theory, and that other combinatorial objects, such as Shelah's revised power function - the cardinal function featuring in Shelah's revised GCH theorem - can be obtained using similar tools. We include a small "dictionary" for set theory in \QtNaamen, hoping it will help in finding more meaningful homotopy-theoretic intuitions in set theory

Strongly Dependent Ordered Abelian Groups and Henselian Fields

Strongly dependent ordered abelian groups have finite dp-rank. They are precisely those groups with finite spines and $|\{p\text{ prime}:[G:pG]=\infty\}|<\infty$. We apply this to show that if $K$ is a strongly dependent field, then $(K,v)$ is strongly dependent for any henselian valuation $v$

Reducts of Hrushovski's constructions of a higher geometrical arity

Let $\mathbb{M}_n$ denote the structure obtained from Hrushovski's (non collapsed) construction with an n-ary relation and $PG(\mathbb{M}_n)$ its associated pre-geometry. It was shown by Evans and Ferreira that $PG(\mathbb{M}_3)\not\cong PG(\mathbb{M}_4)$. We show that $\mathbb{M}_3$ has a reduct, $\mathbb{M}^{clq}$ such that $PG(\mathbb{M}_4)\cong PG(\mathbb{M}^{clq})$. To achieve this we show that $\mathbb{M}^{clq}$ is a slightly generalised Fra\"iss\'e-Hrushovski limit incorporating into the construction non-eliminable imaginary sorts in $\mathbb{M}^{clq}$

Unstable structures definable in o-minimal theories

Let M be an o-minimal structure with elimination of imaginaries, N an unstable structure definable in M. Then there exists X, interpretable in N, such that X with all the structure induced from N is o-minimal. In particular X is linearly ordered. As part of the proof we show: Theorem 1: If the M-dimenson of N is 1 then any 1-N-type is either strongly stable or finite by o-minimal. Theorem 2: If N is N-minimal then it is 1-M-dimensional

Eliminating Field Quantifiers in Strongly Dependent Henselian Fields

We prove elimination of field quantifiers for strongly dependent henselian fields in the Denef-Pas language. This is achieved by proving the result for a class of fields generalizing algebraically maximal Kaplansky fields. We deduce that if $(K,v)$ is strongly dependent then so is its henselization.Comment: The original version was for algebraically maximal kaplansky fields. This new version is a generalizatio

Strongly minimal groups in o-minimal structures

We prove Zilber's Trichotomy Conjecture for strongly minimal expansions of two-dimensional groups, definable in o-minimal structures: Theorem. Let M be an o-minimal expansion of a real closed field, (G;+) a 2-dimensional group definable in M, and D = (G;+,...) a strongly minimal structure, all of whose atomic relations are definable in M. If D is not locally modular, then an algebraically closed field K is interpretable in D, and the group G, with all its induced D-structure, is definably isomorphic in D to an algebraic K-group with all its induced K-structure

Definable Valuations induced by multiplicative subgroups and NIP Fields

We study the algebraic implications of the non-independence property (NIP) and variants thereof (dp-minimality) on infinite fields, motivated by the conjecture that all such fields which are neither real closed nor separably closed admit a definable henselian valuation. Our results mainly focus on Hahn fields and build up on Will Johnson's preprint "dp-minimal fields", arXiv: 1507.02745v1, July 2015.Comment: There was a mistake in Theorem 3.2 (4) of the first arxiv version posted April 10, we corrected it and modified the introduction and section 3 accordingly in the second version, a few other issues are fixed in the third version. The fourth version is a revision according to the referee's comments. To appear in AFM

On definable Skolem functions in weakly o-minimal non-valuational structures

We prove that all known examples of weakly o-minimal non-valuational structures have no definable Skolem functions. We show, however, that such structures eliminate imaginaries up to (definable families of) definable cuts. Along the way we give some new examples of weakly o-minimal non-valuational structures

A theory of pairs for non-valuational structures

Given a weakly o-minimal structure $\mathcal M$ and its o-minimal completion $\bar {\mathcal M}$, we first associate to $\bar {\mathcal M}$ a canonical language and then prove that $Th(\mathcal M)$ determines $Th(\bar {\mathcal M})$. We then investigate the theory of the pair $\mathcal M^P=(\bar {\mathcal M};M)$ in the spirit of the theory of dense pairs of o-minimal structures, and prove, among other results, that it is near model complete, and every $\mathcal M^P$-definable open subset of $\bar M^n$ is already definable in $\bar {\mathcal M}$. We give an example of a weakly o-minimal structure which interprets $\bar {\mathcal M}$ and show that it is not elementarily equivalent to any reduct of an o-minimal trace

Minimal types in super-dependent theories

We give necessary and sufficient geometric conditions for a theory definable in an o-minimal structure to interpret a real closed field. The proof goes through an analysis of thorn-minimal types in super-rosy dependent theories of finite rank. We prove that such theories are coordinatised by thorn-minimal types and that such a type is unstable if an only if every non-algebraic extension thereof is. We conclude that a type is stable if and only if it admits a coordinatisation in thorn-minimal stable types. We also show that non-trivial thorn-minimal stable types extend stable sets